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Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kurucusu Osman Bey\u2019in babas\u0131 Ertu\u011frul Bey d\u00f6neminde; Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131na yard\u0131m ve Eski\u015fehir yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Karacahisar\u2019\u0131n (Dorleo Kalesi ve \u015eehri) fethindeki (M:1229 -1230 y\u0131l\u0131) katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc sultan ona Ankara yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Karacada\u011f y\u00f6resinden sonra bu kere S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019\u00fc k\u0131\u015flak ve Ermeni Beli ile Domani\u00e7\u2019i yaylak olarak vermi\u015ftir. Ertu\u011frul Bey bu s\u0131rada 31 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Ertu\u011frul Bey M: 1198-1281 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve beylik d\u00f6nemi bar\u0131\u015f ve huzur i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct-Domani\u00e7 yaylas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu olarak Boz\u00fcy\u00fck yolu kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Boz\u00fcy\u00fck\u2019ten sonra Camiliyayla\u2019ya gelinip buradan Domani\u00e7 Yaylalar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yerli Rumlarla aralar\u0131nda bu s\u0131rada sorun olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 birbirine sayg\u0131 ve anlay\u0131\u015fa dayal\u0131 kom\u015fuluk yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Osman Bey (Atman Bey) D\u00f6neminde G\u00f6\u00e7 Yollar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Osman Bey, babas\u0131 altm\u0131\u015f (60) ya\u015f\u0131nda iken do\u011fmu\u015ftur (D: M 1258 \u00d6: M 1326). Ertu\u011frul Bey \u00f6l\u00fcnce yerine en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu olan Osman Bey; M: 1281 y\u0131l\u0131nda, yirmi \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Kay\u0131 Boyunun, Karake\u00e7ili A\u015firetinin ba\u015f\u0131na bey olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer a\u011fabeyleri Sar\u0131 Batu Bey ve G\u00fcnd\u00fcz Bey, onun destek\u00e7isi olmu\u015flard\u0131r.\u00a0 \u0130lk zamanlar k\u0131\u015flak ve yaylak aras\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7lerde Boz\u00fcy\u00fck yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Kumral Abdal\u0131n zaviyesinin bulundu\u011fu Koval\u0131ca ve Karaa\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00f6ylerine yak\u0131n yerden Muratdere ve Erikliden, Dodurga yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan, Camili Yayla \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7erek Domani\u00e7 Yaylalar\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Osman Bey ilk y\u0131llar kab\u0131na s\u0131\u011fmayan, delidolu, atak bir beydir. \u0130lk evlili\u011fini Sel\u00e7uklu vezirlerinden \u00d6mer Bey\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Mal Hatun ile M:1280 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f ve M:1281 y\u0131l\u0131nda o\u011flu Orhan do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l babas\u0131 Ertu\u011frul Bey \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr M: 1289 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eeyh Edebali’nin k\u0131z\u0131 Rabia Bala Hatun ile ikinci kere evlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Osman Bey babas\u0131n\u0131n sessiz ve bar\u0131\u015fsever d\u00f6nemi sonunda atak bir beylik yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekseriyetle Harmankaya H\u00e2kimi (Tekfuru) K\u00f6se Mihal isimli, kendi huyuna benzeyen bir Rum ile iyi arkada\u015fl\u0131k yapar. Bu ki\u015fi ile \u00f6nceleri arkada\u015f iken sonralar\u0131 kendine tabi bir bey olmu\u015ftur. K\u00f6se Mihal sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015f ve kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde bir\u00e7ok olay\u0131 birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Abdullah ad\u0131n\u0131 alan K\u00f6se Mihal; Orhan Bey\u2019e de yolda\u015fl\u0131k ve hocal\u0131k etmi\u015ftir. Bursa’n\u0131n Bizans\u2019tan teslim al\u0131nmas\u0131nda bu ki\u015fi arac\u0131l\u0131k etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Osman Bey\u2019in beyli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131yla; \u00f6nce Kastamonu\u2019daki \u00c7obano\u011fullar\u0131\u2019na, sonra Germiyan Beyli\u011fine ve sonra Bilecik Tekfurlu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu beyler ise Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 beylerdir. Osman Bey ve Orhan Bey zaman\u0131nda beylik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015flarken; Bizans\u2019tan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k 100.000 alt\u0131n ve k\u0131ymetli hediyeler nedeniyle Germiyan Beyi 1. Yakup Bey Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilecik\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 iken ilk zamanlar Osman Bey; Bilecik Tekfurunu hediyelerle g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc ho\u015f tutmu\u015f ve kendisine m\u00fcdahale etmemesini, kendi taraf\u0131n\u0131 tutmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaylaya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederken k\u0131ymetli e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 Bilecik Tekfuruna hediyeler vererek emanet b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, yaylaktan d\u00f6nerken Bilecik Tekfuruna u\u011frayarak tekrar hediyeler vererek emanet e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 geri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osman Bey bilerek yolunu uzat\u0131p S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019ten Bilecik\u2019e gidip i\u015fini bitirdikten sonra tekrar daha uzun yol kat edip Boz\u00fcy\u00fck\u2019e gelip, oradan yaylaya gitmek yerine k\u0131sa yoldan yayla\u011fa gitmeyi istemi\u015ftir. Sel\u00e7uklu taraf\u0131ndan kendine Domani\u00e7 Yaylas\u0131 gibi yaylak olarak kullanma hakk\u0131 verilen Ermeni Beli (Ahi Beli) yolunu kullanarak; \u0130neg\u00f6l Tekfuruna ba\u011fl\u0131 Kulaca Tekfurunun ekili bi\u00e7ili arazisinden zarar vererek ge\u00e7tikten sonra, Muzal\u2019dan (G\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc K\u00f6y\u00fc) ba\u015flayan\u00a0\u00a0 -Domani\u00e7 Beli olarak an\u0131lan- yolu kullanarak Oylat \u00fczerinden, Domani\u00e7 Yaylalar\u0131na gitmeyi tercih etmi\u015ftir. Osman Bey\u2019in amac\u0131; Bilecik Tekfurunun deste\u011fine g\u00fcvenerek, bilerek h\u0131r \u00e7\u0131karmak suretiyle, yaylak ve k\u0131\u015flak aras\u0131n\u0131 birbirine do\u011frudan ba\u011flayarak toprak elde etmektir. Ortada bir bey vard\u0131r fakat yeri yurdu da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kt\u0131r. K\u0131\u015fla\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131 yerde, yayla\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131 yerdedir. Birinden \u00f6tekine gidebilmek i\u00e7in birilerinin yard\u0131m\u0131na ve iznine muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. Divit\u00e7io\u011flu\u2019nun tabiriyle bir beyli\u011fin topraklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6bel ad\u0131 verilen s\u0131n\u0131r ta\u015flar\u0131 ile belirlenmi\u015f ve emsalleri ve \u00fcst egemen devletler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halde (\u00e7okgen bir d\u00fczlem) olmas\u0131 gerekir.\u00a0 Osman Bey bu amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere Kulaca \u00fczerinden \u0130neg\u00f6l Tekfuruna bir hamle yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Osman Bey yetmi\u015f (70) ki\u015filik bir g\u00fc\u00e7le \u0130neg\u00f6l\u2019\u00fc basmaya giderken bundan casuslar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile haberi olan \u0130neg\u00f6l Tekfuru; Ermeni Belinde (Nazifpa\u015fa\u2019da) Osman Bey ve adamlar\u0131n\u0131 pusuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yan\u0131nda g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Sar\u0131 Batu a\u011fabeyinin o\u011flu, on alt\u0131 (16) ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Bay Koca burada M:1284 ‘te \u015fehit olmu\u015ftur. Osman Bey buna \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve ye\u011fenini \u0130neg\u00f6l yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Hamzabey K\u00f6y\u00fcnde g\u00f6md\u00fckten sonra M: 1286 y\u0131l\u0131 ilkbahar\u0131nda \u0130neg\u00f6l\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 ve dokuz (9) km mesafedeki Kulacahisar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz (300) ki\u015filik a\u015firet sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile fethetmi\u015ftir. Bu olay \u0130neg\u00f6l Tekfurunu \u00e7ok k\u0131zd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, Bilecik tekfuru Osman Bey\u2019e ses \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine \u0130neg\u00f6l Tekfuru \u0130neg\u00f6l’e yirmi \u00fc\u00e7 (23) km mesafede bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Eskikaracakaya’da bulunan Karacahisar (Melangia) tekfurunu, kendisinin de Osman Bey\u2019in tehdidi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funa inand\u0131rarak, onunla ittifak yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Olaylar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten 175-200-250 y\u0131l sonra yaz\u0131lan tarih kitaplar\u0131nda yer ve zaman ile ilgili karga\u015fa mevcuttur. Bir\u00e7ok olay, iki de\u011fi\u015fik yerde, iki farkl\u0131 olay olarak ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde; Bir yerde ve bir kere ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu zannedilerek yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu tip tarih yaz\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal olarak karga\u015faya neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bu karga\u015falardan biri Karacahisar\u2019\u0131n fethi meselesidir. Bizans \u0130mparatoru M: 1176 tarihindeki Miryokefalon Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Anadolu\u2019dan \u00fcmidini kesmi\u015f, Sakarya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek T\u00fcrklerden korunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zannetmi\u015ftir. Eski\u015fehir yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Dorleo M:1229-1230 tarihinde Ertu\u011frul Beyin yard\u0131m\u0131yla fethedilerek Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devletinin eline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Dorleo iken Karacahisar ad\u0131 verilen bu yer su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc sonradan d\u00fcze tekrar kurularak Karaca\u015fehir ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilecik dahi Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu\u2019nun hakimiyetini tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f, Ermeni Beli (Ahi Beli) Bizans ile s\u0131n\u0131r kesilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Eski\u015fehir\u2019e 5-6 km mesafedeki eski ad\u0131 Dorleo olan Karaca\u015fehir; \u0130neg\u00f6l\u2019e, bug\u00fcn Mezit bo\u011faz\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en kestirme yoldan 110 km\u2019den fazla uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r. Eski\u015fehir ile \u0130neg\u00f6l aras\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok\u00a0\u00a0 b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 T\u00fcrkmenlerin \u00e7ok yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu bir b\u00f6lgedir. \u0130neg\u00f6l Tekfurunun ittifak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tekfurluk, kendisine 23 km mesafedeki Melangia ise ba\u015fka bir Bizans yerle\u015fim yeridir. Bu ad melanin kelimesinden gelmektedir. Melanin, bene renk veren maddedir. Bilindi\u011fi gibi ben kara (siyah) de\u011fil, karaca renktedir. Melangia’ya ad\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak Karacahisar denilmi\u015ftir. Buran\u0131n Eski\u015fehir yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Karaca\u015fehir oldu\u011funun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi, kabul edilip yaz\u0131lmas\u0131, yukarda a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle (uzakl\u0131k ve T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131 nedeniyle) hayat\u0131n do\u011fal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u0130nalc\u0131k, ekibiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczey ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda Melangia ad\u0131 verilen, bug\u00fcn \u0130neg\u00f6l\u2019e yak\u0131n Eskikaracakaya k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc Karacahisar kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M:1286 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kulacahisar\u2019\u0131n fethinden iki y\u0131l sonra 1288 y\u0131l\u0131 yayla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc zaman\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftalar\u0131nda, Karacahisar (Melangia) Tefuru Alexius’un karde\u015fi Kalanoz komutas\u0131ndaki yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 ki\u015filik m\u00fcttefik \u0130neg\u00f6l ve Karacahisar Kuvvetleri,\u00a0 Domani\u00e7 Beli\u2019nin en dar iki tepesinin aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7atakta, \u0130kizce denilen yerde ( Bu yer 19. asr\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar Domani\u00e7 Belinde olan Tekfur \u00c7at\u0131 Karyesinin kurulu oldu\u011fu yerdir) \u00c7atakal\u0131\u00e7 Tepe veya bug\u00fcn \u00c7atalal\u0131\u00e7 Tepe denilen yerde pusu kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Obalar\u0131n k\u0131\u015fla\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc komuta eden Osman Bey\u2019in a\u011fabeyi Sar\u0131 Batu ile eski Aksu k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin obas\u0131ndan ve G\u00fcneyseyid K\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin obas\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rkar ki\u015filik Kay\u0131 Boyuna mensup, Karake\u00e7ili Y\u00f6r\u00fck, ba\u015flar\u0131nda ya\u015fl\u0131 n\u00f6kerlerinden (Alplerden) Koyun Baba isimli \u00f6nderleriyle birlikte Domani\u00e7 Belinden ge\u00e7erken, ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yeri olmayan bu yerde \u015fehit edilmi\u015flerdir. Bizasl\u0131larla yap\u0131lan bir sava\u015fta \u015fehit oldu\u011fu bilinen Koyun Baba\u2019n\u0131n burada \u015fehit oldu\u011fundan zerrece \u015f\u00fcphem yoktur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Domani\u00e7’te Ertu\u011frul Bey d\u00f6neminin ya\u015fl\u0131 n\u00f6kerinin (Alp) \u00f6lebilece\u011fi Domani\u00e7 Beli (\u0130kizce Sava\u015f\u0131) pususundan ba\u015fka olay ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Sar\u0131 Batu\u2019nun karn\u0131 yar\u0131larak, ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131 yere d\u00f6k\u00fclmek suretiyle \u015fehit edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Domani\u00e7 Belinde \u0130kizce Tepe (eskiden \u00c7atakal\u0131\u00e7 Tepe bug\u00fcn \u00c7atalal\u0131\u00e7 Tepe) denilen yerde ya\u015fanan olay iddia edildi\u011fi gibi ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir sava\u015f de\u011fil, pusuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclerek yok edilmektir. Hem \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131p verilip hem de ba\u015far\u0131dan bahsetmek kanaatimce abestir. Ya\u015fanan bu k\u00f6t\u00fc olay\u0131n haberini alan Osman Bey, Aksu Obas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fehitlerini ve a\u011fabeyi Sar\u0131 Batu’yu, obalar\u0131n\u0131n kurulu olduklar\u0131 yerdeki Akme\u015fhed denilen yere defnettirmi\u015ftir. Sar\u0131 Batu\u2019nun mezar\u0131 eski Aksu, bug\u00fcn Karak\u00f6y yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u00a0 G\u00fcneyseyid Obas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fehitlerini; G\u00fcneyseyid (G\u00fcney) K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcst taraf\u0131ndaki Mermerler Me\u015fhedine, oba \u00f6nderi Koyun Baba\u2019y\u0131 birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz metre yukar\u0131daki K\u0131z\u0131ltepe eteklerine g\u00f6mm\u00fc\u015flerdir. O y\u0131llarda \u00f6len t\u00fcm bey s\u00fclalesi fertleri (ana, o\u011ful, torunlar) \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yere en yak\u0131n yerde g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir (Haymana, Baykoca, Aydo\u011fdu, D\u00fcndar). Osman Bey\u2019in, a\u011fabeyi Sar\u0131 Batu\u2019nun \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerden\u00a0 yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz kilometre uzakta bir ba\u015fka yere g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi (S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019e) o zamanki hayat\u0131n do\u011fal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun de\u011fildir. \u0130lk defa i\u00e7 organlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p bir ba\u015fka yere g\u00f6m\u00fclme olay\u0131 (1. Murat \u00d6: M:1389) tam y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonrad\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Osman Bey, \u00c7atak Al\u0131\u00e7\u2019ta (\u0130kizce Tepelerinin \u00e7ata\u011f\u0131nda) a\u015firet obalar\u0131na M:1284 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermeni Belindeki gibi kurulan kalle\u015f\u00e7e pusuya \u00e7ok k\u0131z\u0131p, intikam h\u0131rs\u0131yla deliye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve m\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Domani\u00e7 Belinden, Kazmut Yaylas\u0131ndan Pazar Alan\u0131na (Saadet) gelmeden sa\u011fa do\u011fru, Bah\u00e7ekaya (Mesruriye) istikametinden bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tahtak\u00f6pr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu yerden, dik a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Karacahisar\u2019a (Eskikaracakaya) ula\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa da\u00a0 Kalonoz komutas\u0131ndaki ittifak edenlerin hisarda bulunmamas\u0131, ka\u00e7mas\u0131 nedeniyle buradan eli bo\u015f ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonunda Osman Bey, Kalanoz\u2019u bir y\u0131l sonra M:1289 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermeni Beli\u2019nin \u00fcst ba\u015f\u0131nda Ermeni Pazar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Pazaryeri) d\u00f6rt (4) km \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda Do\u011fanlar mevkiine yak\u0131n, \u0130t E\u015feni Karyesi (Ermeni Karyesi) denilen yerde yakalay\u0131p infaz etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 A\u011fabeyine yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi karn\u0131n\u0131 yard\u0131r\u0131p ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131n\u0131 yere d\u00f6kt\u00fcrerek, ters bir \u015fekilde (it gibi) g\u00f6md\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sonra elindeki esirlerle Karacahisar\u2019a y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Di\u011fer a\u011fabeyi G\u00fcnd\u00fcz Bey\u2019in Karacahisar\u2019\u0131 t\u00fcmden yak\u0131p, y\u0131kal\u0131m demesine ra\u011fmen yapmam\u0131\u015f, ba\u015fka yol tutmu\u015ftur. Buran\u0131n halk\u0131na korku salarak teslim olmad\u0131klar\u0131 taktirde hepsini katledece\u011fini, teslim olurlarsa canlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc vererek kaleyi teslim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yerle\u015fim yerinin yerli Rumlar\u0131, sonralar\u0131 Gavur Karacahisar ad\u0131 ile an\u0131lan bu yerde, ya\u015famaya devam etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Osman Bey ayn\u0131 takti\u011fi di\u011fer a\u011fabeyi G\u00fcnd\u00fcz Beyin o\u011flu Aydo\u011fdu Bey M:1303 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dinboz\u2019da (Erdo\u011fank\u00f6y) yap\u0131lan sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kite Tekfuru taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehit edildikten sonra da intikam almak i\u00e7in teker teker tekfurlar\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dinboz Sava\u015f\u0131, Osman Bey\u2019e Bursa kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve Bursa Ovas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ulubat (Lapadion) Tekfuruna s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan Kite (Bursa-\u00dcr\u00fcnl\u00fc) Tekfurunu tehditle Ulubat Tekfurundan teslim ald\u0131ktan sonra do\u011fruca Kite\u2019ye gitmi\u015ftir. Tekfuru Kite Kalesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nce ata ba\u011flay\u0131p yerlerde s\u00fcr\u00fckletmi\u015f sonra iki kol ve bacaklar\u0131ndan d\u00f6rt tane ata ba\u011flat\u0131p, atlar\u0131 kam\u00e7\u0131latarak d\u00f6rt y\u00f6ne ko\u015fturarak, bedenini be\u015f par\u00e7aya b\u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kite halk\u0131na teslim olurlarsa, canlar\u0131n\u0131n emniyette oldu\u011fu s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc vermi\u015f ve Kite Kalesini teslim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00d6nemli bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131: T\u00fcrk Devletlerinde bey s\u00f6z\u00fc, devlet s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Osman Bey, buna harfiyen uyan bir devlet adam\u0131d\u0131r. Ulubat Tekfuruna verdi\u011fi s\u00f6z \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 Ulubat k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnden 128 y\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa, devlet s\u00f6z\u00fc verildi\u011fi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7memi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Ya Ulubat G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fusundan dola\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya Karacabey Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131larak Mihali\u00e7\u2019e (Karacabey\u2019e) gidilmi\u015f, bazen kay\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131ya ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Bizans Devleti y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra o k\u00f6pr\u00fcden kar\u015f\u0131ya ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna, Ahde Vefa denir. Kar\u015f\u0131 taraf ahdini bozmad\u0131k\u00e7a, Nakz\u0131 Ahd yapmad\u0131k\u00e7a T\u00fcrk Devletleri verdi\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc tutar. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet olma \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki d\u00fcnyadaki say\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck san\u0131lan devletler, devlet s\u00f6z\u00fcne \u00f6nem vermez. Yak\u0131n tarihten \u00f6rnek verirsek Apo\u2019nun as\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00fczerine teslim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Apo\u2019yu, verdi\u011fi devlet s\u00f6z\u00fc nedeniyle asmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk devletleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir beylikken dahi verdi\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc tutmu\u015ftur. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 denilen b\u00fcy\u00fck devletleri dahi, verdi\u011fi devlet s\u00f6zlerine uymayabilmektedir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Domani\u00e7\u2019te, Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6neminde, Domani\u00e7 Belinde M:1288 ‘de ya\u015fanan bu olaya Domani\u00e7 Beli Sava\u015f\u0131 veya yerin \u00f6zelli\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u0130kizce Sava\u015f\u0131 denir. Bug\u00fcn hala Domani\u00e7 Ovas\u0131nda \u0130kizce tepelerin oldu\u011funu zanneden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, tarih\u00e7iler vard\u0131r. Denk kuvveti olan iki g\u00fc\u00e7ten birinin kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n oturdu\u011fu d\u00fcz ovada bask\u0131n yapmas\u0131 veya pusu kurmas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve yok olmay\u0131 kabul ederek intihar etmesi olur. Hayat\u0131n do\u011fal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na uymaz.\u00a0 Bu kadar kayb\u0131n \u00fczerine sava\u015fta Osman Bey\u2019in zaferinden bahsedilmesinin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyim. Ortada ittifak halindeki \u0130neg\u00f6l ve Karacahisar g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin bir pususu ve bu pusuda \u015fehit edilen Kay\u0131 Boyuna mensup, Karake\u00e7ili Aksu ve G\u00fcneyseyid Obalar\u0131n\u0131n Y\u00f6r\u00fckleriyle birlikte \u015fehit edilen Sar\u0131 Batu ve Koyun Baba vard\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu sava\u015f\u0131n Domani\u00e7 Ovas\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ihtimali yoktur. Sava\u015f kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re bir askeri birlik yok olaca\u011f\u0131 kesin olan derinli\u011fe girmez. H\u0131rs\u0131z bile girdi\u011fi evde ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yolunu haz\u0131rlamadan h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapmaz.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Domani\u00e7’te; H\u00fcdavendigar Livas\u0131 Tahrir Defterinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 iki adet me\u015fhed (\u015fehitlik) vard\u0131r. Birincisi eski Aksu Karyesi\u2019ndeki (bug\u00fcn Domani\u00e7 Karak\u00f6y\u2019deki) Akme\u015fhed ve Sar\u0131 Batu\u2019nun mezar\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinen mezar. \u0130kincisi G\u00fcneyseyid Karyesi\u2019ndeki (Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Domani\u00e7 G\u00fcney K\u00f6y\u00fcndeki) Mermerler Me\u015fhedi ve me\u015fhedin birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz metre yukar\u0131s\u0131nda, G\u00fcney K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019ne ve Be\u015fik Tepe\u2019ye bakan ve \u00e7evreye h\u00e2kim bir yerdeki mezar. Bug\u00fcn Karak\u00f6y hudutlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan K\u0131z\u0131ltepe\u2019deki kara ard\u0131\u00e7 orman\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki mezar\u0131n Ertu\u011frul Bey\u2019in n\u00f6kerlerinden (Alplerinden) Koyun Babaya ait oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Domani\u00e7\u2019te ve Domani\u00e7 Beli\u2019nde bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli bir olay ve \u015fehitlik yoktur.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n DOMAN\u0130\u00c7 YAYLALARINI S\u00d6\u011e\u00dcT\u2019E BA\u011eLAYAN G\u00d6\u00c7 YOLLARININ ANAL\u0130Z\u0130 VE KURULU\u015eTAK\u0130 \u00d6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n A- Ertu\u011frul Bey zaman\u0131ndaki (bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemindeki) G\u00f6\u00e7 Yolu: <\/strong>Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki\u00a0 ikinci\u00a0 paragrafta a\u00e7\u0131klanan; S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct, Boz\u00fcy\u00fck, Camiliyayla, Domani\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 yoludur. Bu yol sonralar\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaya devam etmi\u015ftir. K\u0131sa ve sorunsuz bir g\u00f6\u00e7 yoludur.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n B- Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devlet olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an olay ve bununla ili\u015fkili G\u00f6\u00e7 Yolu:<\/strong> (S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct -Ermeni Beli, Domani\u00e7 Beli -Domani\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki G\u00f6\u00e7 Yolu). Kulacahisar ile Karacahisar\u2019\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki on alt\u0131 (16) km. geni\u015fli\u011finde ve on (10) km. derinli\u011findeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck toprak par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n fethedilmesi devletin kurulmas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli olayd\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz altm\u0131\u015f (160) km2<\/sup>\u2019lik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alan\u0131n fethi ile iki ayr\u0131 ada \u015feklindeki toprak par\u00e7alar\u0131 (yaylak ve k\u0131\u015flak) birbirine ba\u011flanarak \u00e7okgen \u015feklinde tek bir d\u00fczlem halinde \u0130l (\u00fclke) haline gelmi\u015ftir. Alan\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de olsa y\u00f6netilen, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belli ve savunmak i\u00e7in canlar\u0131n verildi\u011fi, kutsanan, yekpare bir toprak par\u00e7as\u0131na \u0130l (\u00dclke) denilmektedir. Bu, Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011finin (devletin) kurulu\u015fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu oldu\u011funda, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yer nedeniyle Osman Bey Eskikaracakaya\u2019da (Karacahisar\u2019da) ad\u0131na hutbe okutmak istese de Dursun Fakih, Osman Bey\u2019i \u0130lhanl\u0131 tehlikesinden korumak i\u00e7in buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Bunun izinsiz yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o d\u00f6nemde en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 olan \u0130lhanl\u0131 Han\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Hakimiyetine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sultan ve beyleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bahanelerle bo\u011fdurmaktad\u0131r. Kanaatimce ilk yaz\u0131lan kronik olan Yah\u015fi Fakih\u2019in Menak\u0131pnamesi\u2019nde bu konu mevcut olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lin (\u00dclkenin) tan\u0131nmas\u0131; tabi olunan Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devletinin de tabi oldu\u011fu \u0130lhanl\u0131 Devletinin hara\u00e7 ve Osman Bey\u2019in o\u011fullar\u0131ndan birinin rehin verilmesinden sonra raz\u0131 edilmesiyle, daha sonra (M:1299 y\u0131l\u0131nda) oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyim. \u0130lhanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n raz\u0131 edilmesi sonras\u0131 pe\u015f pe\u015fe ya\u015fanan olaylar sonucu Bilecik, Yarhisar ve \u0130neg\u00f6l bir \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131da al\u0131n\u0131p Yeni\u015fehir \u00f6nlerine gelinmi\u015f ve \u0130znik ile Bursa fethedilecek hedef topraklar olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemde daha sonra Sakarya \u00f6tesinde ve \u0130znik civar\u0131nda fethedilen kaleler ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r. Rehin verilen bu beyin soyunun M:1399 y\u0131l\u0131nda Malatya\u2019n\u0131n fethinden sonra Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit huzuruna \u00e7\u0131karak kendilerini tan\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili bilimsel makale mevcuttur.\u00a0 A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade Tarihinde anlat\u0131lan Tu\u011f, Alem ve Davullu Beyli\u011fin Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131nca tan\u0131nmas\u0131 rit\u00fceli, bu sorun a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra M:1299 y\u0131l\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu bu olayla ili\u015fkilendirilir. Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi; Osman Bey zaman\u0131ndan Orhan Bey d\u00f6neminin bir k\u0131sm\u0131na kadar tabi oldu\u011fu \u0130lhanl\u0131 Devletine hara\u00e7 \u00f6demi\u015ftir.\u00a0 \u0130lhanl\u0131 ve Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu birlikte y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca, di\u011fer beyliklerle birlikte Osmanl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z beylik haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u0131saca s\u00f6ylersek Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi kurulu\u015fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015fka devlete hara\u00e7 \u00f6deyen ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir devletti.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011finin Devlet olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan G\u00f6\u00e7yolu: (Domani\u00e7 Beli ve Ermeni Beli)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Domani\u00e7 Beli: Domani\u00e7’ten \u0130neg\u00f6le giderken, Durabey K\u00f6y\u00fcnden sonra yeni yoldan Domani\u00e7 Da\u011f\u0131na t\u0131rmanmaya ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z. Eskiden Durabey\u2019den da\u011fa do\u011fru Pazar Alan\u0131na gelirdiniz (Domani\u00e7 Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnde Saadet K\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ikinci bir Pazar Alan\u0131 daha vard\u0131r). Yeni yoldan da\u011fa t\u0131rman\u0131rken solda Orman Te\u015fkilat\u0131na ait \u00c7atal Al\u0131\u00e7 Yaylas\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu ve Murat A\u011fa isimli m\u00fcstecirin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tesise gelirsiniz. \u015eu anda orada Orman Te\u015fkilat\u0131 bungalov tarz\u0131 konaklanabilen yerler yapmaktad\u0131r. Buraya \u00c7atal Al\u0131\u00e7 Yaylas\u0131 denir. Domani\u00e7 Beli buradan ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n \u00c7atal Al\u0131\u00e7 Yaylas\u0131ndan itibaren buran\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131 ve solu yukar\u0131 do\u011fru Domani\u00e7 Beli denilen tarihi yoldur. Bu yol hem y\u00f6r\u00fck G\u00f6\u00e7 Yolu hem de Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n iki b\u00fcy\u00fck vilayeti olan Anadolu Vilayeti ve H\u00fcdavendigar Vilayetini (K\u00fctahya ve Bursa) birbirine ba\u011flayan ana yoldur.\u00a0 Bel, belen; da\u011f s\u0131rtlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7it veren yer, da\u011f ge\u00e7idi demektir. \u00c7atak; iki tepenin aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7ittir. \u0130ki da\u011f\u0131n veya tepenin (ikiz tepelerin) birbiriyle \u00e7at\u0131lmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fmu\u015f dere yata\u011f\u0131 veya ge\u00e7it veren yer demektir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Domani\u00e7 Beli: <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Domani\u00e7 Belini iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde inceleyebiliriz:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00c7atal Al\u0131\u00e7 Tepeden (\u00c7atak Al\u0131\u00e7 Tepe) sonra Kocayayla ve Topuk Yayladan gelen yolla birka\u00e7 kilometre sonra birle\u015fir. Tam zirveye gelmeden Kazmut Yaylas\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ilir. Buradan giderken Solda Domani\u00e7 Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek yeri olan Dar\u0131 Tepeden sonra Bilelik Yaylas\u0131na gelinir. Bilelik, Osman Bey\u2019in Beylik Yaylas\u0131d\u0131r. Kazmut ile Bilelik aras\u0131 iki saatlik y\u00fcr\u00fcme yoludur, daha solda G\u00fcrgen Yayla bulunur. Oylat ve Saadet’e do\u011fru giderken yolun solunda Elmac\u0131k Yayla hizas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ilir. Buradan Oylat\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Ala\u00e7am Yaylas\u0131ndan (Orman Deposundan) sa\u011fa gidilirse Demir Boku denilen yere (eski demir c\u00fcrufu) gelinir. Ala\u00e7am Yaylas\u0131ndan sola d\u00f6n\u00fcl\u00fcrse Saadet K\u00f6y\u00fc ve Oylat\u2019a gelinir. Ortadan gidilirse yan yoldan yine Oylat\u2019a, sa\u011fdan gidilirse Mesruriye-Bah\u00e7ekaya’dan,\u00a0 Tahtak\u00f6pr\u00fcye ve oradan sa\u011fa gidilirse Ankara yolu kenar\u0131ndaki Eskikaracakaya’ya(Karacahisara) gelinir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Oylata ba\u015fka yoldan da ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu da\u011f yollar\u0131n\u0131n Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6nemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u00f6ncesinde ve sonras\u0131ndan M:1960-1970 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar Domani\u00e7 k\u00f6ylerinin yaya veya binek hayvanla \u0130neg\u00f6l ve Bursa\u2019ya ula\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Oylat\u2019tan Muzal (G\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc) veya Oylat\u2019a gelmeden direkt olarak \u0130neg\u00f6l\u2019e ula\u015fan alternatif yol \u015f\u00f6yledir; Kozca\u011f\u0131z, G\u00fcney, Karak\u00f6y\u2019den veya Saruhanlardan gelen yol \u00c7ar\u015famba, Ayg\u0131rlar, F\u0131ranlar ve Sar\u0131ot\u2019tan gelip Ortaca ve Kozluca aras\u0131ndan sa\u011fa Bilelik Yaylas\u0131na gidebildi\u011fi gibi, sola Gazelli (Hamidiye) \u00fczerinden Deydinler’den direkt olarak \u0130neg\u00f6l\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131r. Ortadan ilerlenirse Saadet ve Oylat\u2019a ula\u015f\u0131labilir. Kestirmeden \u0130neg\u00f6l\u2019e ula\u015fmak isteyenler daha ziyade Gazelli (Hamidiye) yolunu kullan\u0131rlar. Her yolun kullanma amac\u0131na g\u00f6re ba\u015fka avantaj\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Oylat\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Ala\u00e7am Yaylas\u0131ndan sola d\u00f6n\u00fcp Saadet (Pazar Alan\u0131) ve Oylat\u2019tan sonra Hilmiye\u2019den Muzal Derbendine (G\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc) ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Muzal Derbendi Domani\u00e7 Belinin \u0130neg\u00f6l taraf\u0131ndaki alt ucudur. Bundan sonra sola \u0130neg\u00f6l ve tekrar sola Bursa\u2019ya devam eder. \u0130neg\u00f6l Yeni\u015fehir aras\u0131ndan Bay\u0131r K\u00f6yden Yenis\u00f6l\u00f6z\u2019den (Ermeni S\u00f6l\u00f6z) \u0130znik G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn kenar\u0131ndan sola Gemlik\u2019e, sa\u011fa Yalakabad (Yalova) \u0130skelesi yoluyla \u0130stanbul\u2019a gider. E\u011fer Muzal Derbendinden (G\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc) d\u00fcz devam edilirse Ankara yolunu keserek K\u0131n\u0131k ve \u00c7itli\u2019den Kur\u015funlu\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Art\u0131k Kur\u015funlu\u2019dan sa\u011fa do\u011fru Ermeni Beli (Ahi Beli) ba\u015flar.\u00a0 (Harita-1)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Ermeni Beli: <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kur\u015funlu’dan Ermeni Pazar\u0131na (Pazaryeri) kadar uzanan yola Ermeni Beli veya Ahi Beli denir. Bu yol Mezit Bo\u011faz\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en yeni yol ula\u015f\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar Bursa\u2019y\u0131 Karak\u00f6y istasyonu ve Boz\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fczerinden Eski\u015fehir ve Ankara\u2019ya ba\u011flayan virajl\u0131, engebeli ve dik fakat \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yoldu. Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6neminde buradan gerek Domani\u00e7 Yaylalar\u0131na gerek \u0130neg\u00f6l ve Yeni\u015fehir \u00fczerinden \u0130znik ve Bursa\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmekte \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli atlama ta\u015f\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kur\u015funlu\u2019dan sonra ba\u015flayan Ermeni Beli denilen ve bir\u00e7ok tarihi olay ya\u015fanan yol ba\u015flar. Ermeni Beli Derbendinden sonra (Nazifpa\u015fa K\u00f6y\u00fc) ve Ge\u00e7it Derbendinden (Bah\u00e7esultan K\u00f6y\u00fc) ge\u00e7ilerek Ermeni Pazar\u0131na (Pazaryeri) ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Ermemi Belinden d\u00f6rt kilometre sonra \u0130t E\u015feni ad\u0131 verilen Osman Bey\u2019in a\u011fabeyi Sar\u0131 Batu\u2019yu \u015fehit eden Kalanoz\u2019un cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. Buraya Ermeni Karyesi de (K\u00f6y\u00fc) denir. Buradan devam eden yol Karak\u00f6y \u0130stasyonuna gelir. D\u00fcn de \u00f6nemli olan bu yerden Bursa\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131lan h\u0131zl\u0131 tren yoluyla Bursa, \u0130stanbul- Eski\u015fehir-Ankara h\u0131zl\u0131 tren yoluna ba\u011flanacak. Tarih tekerr\u00fcr ediyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00f6nemli ge\u00e7it yerleri \u00f6nemini hala devam ettiriyor. Karak\u00f6y\u2019den sonra D\u00f6mez k\u00f6y\u00fc yoluyla S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Domani\u00e7\u2019ten yola \u00e7\u0131kan Kay\u0131l\u0131, Karake\u00e7ili A\u015fireti alt\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde, g\u00fcnl\u00fck 15-16 km yol kat ederek, alt\u0131 yerde konaklayarak, yakla\u015f\u0131k 96 km\u2019lik yolu kat ederek a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ve hayvanlar\u0131 ile G\u00f6\u00e7 Yolunu tamamlarlar. S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct D\u00f6mez k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc 2.\u00a0 Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6nemine kadar k\u0131\u015flak olarak kullanan ve Domani\u00e7 Bilelik Yaylas\u0131na yaylayan Kay\u0131l\u0131 Karake\u00e7ili Karakaya Obas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu oba\u00a0 bug\u00fcn Tav\u015fanl\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 Karakaya K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.(Harita-1)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ermeni Beli ve Ahi Belinin eski \u00f6nemi ve ileride olacak \u00f6nemi, Karakaya \u0130stasyonu h\u0131zl\u0131 tren hatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemiyle birlikte bir \u00f6nceki paragrafta anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ”Tarih, tekerr\u00fcr eder” denir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n TAR\u0130H\u0130 BURSA-K\u00dcTAHYA YOLU VE DOMAN\u0130\u00c7 BEL\u0130N\u0130N GE\u00c7M\u0130\u015eTEK\u0130 VE GELECEKTEK\u0130 \u00d6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6neminde, M:1451 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren K\u00fctahya, Anadolu\u2019nun t\u00fcm bat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde; Alanya\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak Isparta, Afyon, Eski\u015fehir, Ankara, \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131, Kastamomu, Kocaeli, Bursa, Bal\u0131kesir, Manisa, Ayd\u0131n (\u0130zmir), Ayd\u0131n ve Mu\u011fla\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7evreledi\u011fi alanda Anadolu Vilayeti ve Anadolu Beylerbeyli\u011finin merkezi idi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Bursa, H\u00fcdavendigar Sanca\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz y\u0131l (400) K\u00fctahya’daki Anadolu Vilayetine ba\u011fl\u0131 idi. M:1847 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ile Anadolu Vilayeti kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ba\u015fka yeni vilayetler kuruldu ve daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alana \u00f6nce K\u00fctahya, bir y\u0131l sonra Bursa\u2019n\u0131n merkez oldu\u011fu H\u00fcdavendigar Vilayeti kuruldu.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 y\u0131l kadar s\u00fcre K\u00fctahya, Bursa\u2019daki H\u00fcdavendigar vilayetine ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M:1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fctahya ve Bursa ayr\u0131 idari merkez oldular. Domani\u00e7 M:1451 y\u0131l\u0131ndan M:1931 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 480 y\u0131l genellikle \u0130neg\u00f6l’e ba\u011fl\u0131 nahiye, bazen Bursa\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131\u00a0 kaza oldu. K\u00fctahya vilayetine olarak ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre 483 y\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n H\u00fcdavendigar Sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n merkezi Bursa\u2019y\u0131, Anadolu Vilayetinin merkezi K\u00fctahya \u015fehrine\u00a0\u00a0 ba\u011flayan tarihi yol; \u0130neg\u00f6l\u2019den sonra, 1850 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar Muzal Derbendinden (G\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc), oradan Domani\u00e7 Beli denilen yoldan \u00c7ukurca Derbendine, oradan Yoncal\u0131 \u00fczerinden K\u00fctahya\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Murat H\u00fcdavendigar o\u011flu Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 Germiyan Beyinin k\u0131z\u0131 Devlet Hatun ile evlendirirken, bu yoldan gelin almaya gidilmi\u015f ve gelin Bursa\u2019ya bu yoldan getirilmi\u015ftir. Fetret Devrinde \u00c7elebi Mehmet Bursa\u2019ya u\u011framadan Ermeni Belinden inip Kur\u015funlu\u2019dan Bal\u0131kesir\u2019e giderken Domani\u00e7 Belinden ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Daha Osmanl\u0131 yokken, Bizans \u0130mparatoru Alexios Kommenos \u0130znik\u2019ten yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Domani\u00e7 Belinden Saruhanlar K\u00f6y\u00fcndeki Orinasa (Oyna\u015fhisara), oradan Alethina (Tav\u015fanl\u0131, \u0130let- Derbent) \u00fczerinden Akrakos\u2019a (E\u011frig\u00f6z-Emet) bu yoldan gidip tehlikeli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrkleri takip etmi\u015ftir<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Bu yoldan Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019den ba\u015fka 1850 y\u0131llar\u0131 civar\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 seyyahlar ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve Bursa Defterinde hat\u0131ralar\u0131 yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1877-1878 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra (Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda) yeni iskanlarla (Balkan ve Kafkas g\u00f6\u00e7menleri) do\u011fan yeni ihtiya\u00e7tan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc eski yollar de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6neminde Yoncal\u0131\u2019daki b\u0131ld\u0131rc\u0131n \u00e7iftliklerinin yumurtalar\u0131, her g\u00fcn Yoncal\u0131 ve \u00c7ukurca-Muzal aras\u0131ndaki Domani\u00e7 Beli yoluyla \u0130neg\u00f6l ve Yeni\u015fehir aras\u0131ndan, Bay\u0131rk\u00f6y-Yenis\u00f6l\u00f6z \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en tarihi ticaret yolundan, Bursa-Gemlik civar\u0131nda Bursa\u2019dan gelen yolla birle\u015fip, Yalakabad’a (Yalova), oradan \u0130stanbul\u2019a saraya ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Birbirlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 iki vilayet Domani\u00e7 Belinden ge\u00e7en Roma d\u00f6neminden beri var olan bir ana yolla birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Bursa\u2019dan ve \u0130znik G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcneyindeki Yanis\u00f6l\u00f6z yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Bay\u0131rk\u00f6y \u00fczerinden gelen yol; \u0130neg\u00f6l \u00fczerinden Muzal Derbendinden ba\u015flayan Domani\u00e7 Belinden ge\u00e7erek \u00c7ukurca\u2019dan Yoncal\u0131\u2019ya, oradan K\u00fctahya\u2019ya, oradan Afyonkarahisar yoluyla Konya veya Antalya ve Alanya\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Bu yol harita \u00fczerinden kontrol edilirse \u0130stanbul- Antalya aras\u0131 en d\u00fcz ve en k\u0131sa yoldur. E\u011fer bir t\u00fcnelle Domani\u00e7 Beli ge\u00e7ilebilirse, proje a\u015famas\u0131nda olan bu yol Domani\u00e7lilerin hayat\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirece\u011fi gibi Istanbul\u00a0 en k\u0131sa yoldan tar\u0131m ve turizm cenneti Antalya\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131r veya tersine Antalya, \u0130stanbul\u2019a ula\u015f\u0131r.\u00a0 M\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?\u00a0 \u00dclkemizdeki di\u011fer otoyollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczergahlar\u0131 en k\u0131sa yol olan eski tarihi Roma-Bizans yollar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7iyor. \u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse;<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Yak\u0131n zamanda yap\u0131m\u0131 tamamlanan otoyollardan;<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1- \u0130stanbul-Osmangazi K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc-Bursa -\u0130zmir Otoyolu;<\/strong> Bin (1000) y\u0131l \u00f6nceden beri \u0130zmit K\u00f6rfezinden ge\u00e7ilen en dar yer olan Hersek Burnu\u2019ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar buradan deniz yoluyla ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u0130znik \u00fczerinden Kud\u00fcs\u2019e gittiler. Bu eski g\u00fczerg\u00e2h; yeni yap\u0131lan otoyol, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, t\u00fcnel ve viyad\u00fcklerle ge\u00e7ilerek \u0130znik ve Orhangazi yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan, \u00f6nce Bursa\u2019ya sonra \u0130zmir\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2- Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131lan otoyollar;<\/strong> \u0130ran\u2019dan ve Anadolu i\u00e7lerinden gelen eski ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczergah\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok otoyol ve t\u00fcnellerle ge\u00e7ilerek, k\u0131sa yoldan Karadeniz sahillerindeki limanlara ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Proje a\u015famas\u0131nda olan veya yap\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flama \u00f6ncesi veya yap\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131ndaki otoyollardan;<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 3- Bursa-Sivrihisar-Ankara Otoyolu;<\/strong> Turank\u00f6y, Erdo\u011fank\u00f6y (Dinboz), Eski Ermeni Belinden (Ahi Belinden), Pazarc\u0131k, Boz\u00fcy\u00fck, Alpu ve Sivrihisar\u2019dan, Ankara\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4- Ankara-\u0130zmir Otoyolu;<\/strong> Afyonkarahisar\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0130hsaniye\u2019den ve K\u00fctahya\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 Dumlup\u0131nar\u2019dan ge\u00e7erek do\u011fruca \u0130zmir\u2019e gidecek.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 5- Antalya-\u0130stanbul Otoyolu<\/strong>nun projelendirme a\u015famas\u0131nda oldu\u011funu medyadan takip etmekteyiz. Harita \u00fczerinde en k\u0131sa yol; Antalya, \u015euhut, Afyon \u00fczerinden gelip, \u0130hsaniye ile Dumlup\u0131nar aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en Ankara-\u0130zmir yoluyla kesi\u015ferek, K\u00fctahya, Yoncal\u0131 ve \u00c7ukurca\u2019dan\u00a0 sonra Domani\u00e7 Beli T\u00fcnelinden (Haymana T\u00fcneli) ge\u00e7tikten sonra Turank\u00f6y-Erdo\u011fank\u00f6y (Dinboz ) aras\u0131ndan gelen Bursa-Sivrihisar otoyolu ile kesi\u015ferek; \u0130znik G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn bat\u0131s\u0131ndan (Bay\u0131rk\u00f6y- Yenis\u00f6l\u00f6z yak\u0131n\u0131ndan), Orhangazi yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda \u0130zmir – \u0130stanbul Otoyoluna ba\u011flanarak Osmangazi K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnden \u0130stanbul\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 en kestirme yoldur. Bu yol halen kullan\u0131lan alternatif yollara g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz (100) km\u2019den fazla mesafe ve zaman avantaj\u0131 sa\u011flar. Buradan ge\u00e7en Roma, Bizans, Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6neminin tarihi yollar\u0131 tesad\u00fcfen kullan\u0131lan yollar de\u011fil en kestirme ve avantajl\u0131 yollard\u0131r (Harita 2).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130lgili kurulu\u015flara sayg\u0131yla teklifim; Antalya-\u0130stanbul Otoyolunun, Domani\u00e7 Belinin alt\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak Haymana T\u00fcnelinden ge\u00e7mesidir. Yukar\u0131da bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi tarihi yollar\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00fczerg\u00e2h esas al\u0131narak otoyollar yeni teknoloji ile yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Adeta tarih tekerr\u00fcr etmektedir. Dile\u011fimiz ve \u00f6nerimiz; Domani\u00e7 Belinin alt\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak Haymana T\u00fcneli ile burada da tarih tekerr\u00fcr etsin.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n DOMAN\u0130\u00c7 BEL\u0130 T\u00dcNEL\u0130 (HAYMANA T\u00dcNEL\u0130)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinde yeni yap\u0131lan t\u00fcnellerin uzunlu\u011fu 14,5 km ve e\u011fimi %2,25 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Domani\u00e7 rak\u0131m\u0131 870 m. ve Tahtak\u00f6pr\u00fc rak\u0131m\u0131 540 m.’dir.\u00a0 Domani\u00e7 Da\u011flar\u0131na t\u0131rman\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7ilen Durabey veya \u00c7ukurca\u2019dan, Tahtak\u00f6pr\u00fc 20 km. uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r. \u00c7ok virajl\u0131 ve 1500 rak\u0131ml\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7irilecek t\u00fcnelin boyu yakla\u015f\u0131k 14,5 km\u2019dir.\u00a0 T\u00fcfek\u00e7ikona\u011f\u0131 ve Hayriye K\u00f6ylerin de rak\u0131m\u0131 540 m., \u00c7ukurca veya Durabey\u2019e uzanacak t\u00fcnel boyu 14,5 km. civar\u0131d\u0131r. (T\u00fcnelin nereden nereye uzanaca\u011f\u0131 ve olabilirli\u011fi tamamen teknik konudur). Yap\u0131lacak t\u00fcnelin yol e\u011fimi ise tamamen tahmini olarak;<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kot fark\u0131 x 100 \/ T\u00fcnel uzunlu\u011fu = % olarak otoyol e\u011fimi<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n 330 m. x 100 \/ 14.500 m. = %2,27 otoyol e\u011fimi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Otoyollar\u0131n e\u011fimi %5 ‘e kadar olabilmektedir. Teorik olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak; bu konu siyasi ve idari otoriteler ile teknokratlar\u0131n yetkili oldu\u011fu bir konudur. Bursa K\u00fctahyal\u0131lar K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi, sivil toplum kurulu\u015fu duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile konuya m\u00fcdahil olarak beni bu konu hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir. Entelekt\u00fcel sorumlulu\u011fu ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bilgi, analiz kapasitesi ve sezgiyle bu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve rapor olarak sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n\n
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