{"id":26,"date":"2004-05-18T22:51:10","date_gmt":"2004-05-18T19:51:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/?p=26"},"modified":"2020-04-12T03:39:11","modified_gmt":"2020-04-12T00:39:11","slug":"tuncbilek-garp-linyitleri-isletmesinin-iktisadi-sosyal-ve-kulturel-hayata-etkileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/?p=26","title":{"rendered":"Tun\u00e7bilek \u2013 Garp Linyitleri \u0130\u015fletmesinin \u0130ktisadi, Sosyal ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Hayata Etkileri"},"content":{"rendered":"

TUN\u00c7B\u0130LEK \u2013 GARP L\u0130NY\u0130TLER\u0130 \u0130\u015eLETMES\u0130N\u0130N \u0130KT\u0130SAD\u0130, SOSYAL VE K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL HAYATA ETK\u0130LER\u0130<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

Linyit madeni K\u00fctahya-Tav\u015fanl\u0131 il\u00e7esinde ilk defe \u015fu anda belde olan G\u00fcra\u011fa\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn Kabaa\u011fa\u00e7 mevkiinde 1906-1907 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcra\u011fa\u00e7 K\u00f6yl\u00fc Ya\u011fc\u0131 Mehmet A\u011fan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131na misafir olarak gelen Tav\u015fanl\u0131’l\u0131 Akka\u015f Mehmet, ba\u011f\u0131n alt tarafinda \u00e7e\u015fmenin yan\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc siyah ta\u015flar\u0131n, askerken g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u00f6m\u00fcre benzedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Akka\u015f Mehmet Ya\u011fc\u0131 Mehmet A\u011fa’dan Tav\u015fanl\u0131’ya gelirken g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri siyah ta\u015flardan getirmesini istemi\u015ftir. De\u011fi\u015fik derinliklerden \u00e7\u0131erinliklerden \u00e7\u0131\u015flar\u0131 odun sobas\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u0131zgaral\u0131 ocakta bir\u00e7ok denemesinden sonra yakmay\u0131 ba\u015faran Akka\u015f Mehmet, y\u00f6rede \u201clinyit madeni bulan\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde-Soyad\u0131 Kanunu uygulamas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u201cTun\u00e7bilek\u201d soyad\u0131n\u0131 alan Akka\u015f Mehmet’in soyad\u0131na istinaden linyit ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yere Tun\u00e7bilek ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Linyit i\u015fletmecili\u011fi Tun\u00e7bilek’te ger\u00e7ek anlamda Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde devlet taral\u0131ndan ele al\u0131narak, 18.05.1939 tarihinde \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn i\u015fletti\u011fi maden oca\u011f\u0131 Etibank’a devredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mahdut Mesuliyetli Garp Linyitleri \u0130\u015fletmesi (GL\u00ce); Etibank’a ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak De\u011firmisaz, Soma ve Tun\u00e7bilek linyit ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesiyle 01.01.1940 tarihinde kurulmu\u015ftur. M\u00fcessese merkezi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Bal\u0131kesir’de iken 07.07.1941 tarihinde Tav\u015fanl\u0131’ya nakledilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

GL\u0130 Tun\u00e7bilek \u0130\u015fletmesi 01.01.1940’ta idari birim olarak, bir katip ve bir top ka\u011f\u0131t ile g\u00f6reve ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nceleri sadece tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla ge\u00e7inen y\u00f6reli maden i\u015f\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan yer alt\u0131 ocaklar\u0131ndan tamamen insan g\u00fcc\u00fcne dayanarak \u00fcretilen linyit, 500 kg.l\u0131k vagonetlerle yer\u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p , 3 tonluk kamyonlarla ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu. K\u00f6relen kazma, balta ve burgular\u0131n a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131, ocak a\u011fz\u0131nda bulunan kul\u00fcbedeki demirci taraf\u0131ndan k\u00f6r\u00fckle harlanan ocakta \u00e7eki\u00e7, e\u011fe ve mengene yard\u0131m\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131yordu (keskinle\u015ftiriliyordu). B\u00fct\u00fcn bu emeklerin sonunda ancak g\u00fcnde 20 ton linyit \u00fcretilebiliyordu.<\/p>\n

1940’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda yeralt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i temininin zorlu\u011fu nedeniyle M\u00fckellef kanununa g\u00f6re; G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc mahkumlar, askerlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na gelmi\u015f gen\u00e7ler, topra\u011f\u0131 olmayan veya k\u00f6y muhtarlar\u0131n\u0131n gazab\u0131na u\u011frayan arkas\u0131 olmayan k\u00f6yl\u00fcler m\u00fckellef yap\u0131l\u0131yor, GL\u0130’ de linyit \u00fcretiminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan s\u00fcreler askerlikten veya mahkumiyetten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. M\u00fckellef temini i\u00e7in GL\u0130, k\u00f6y muhtarlar\u0131na avanta veriyordu. M\u00fckelleflik y\u00f6reli k\u00f6yl\u00fcler i\u00e7in kabus haline geliyor, ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcrk\u00fc yak\u0131p dillendiriyorlard\u0131. Bu t\u00fcrk\u00fclerden bir d\u00f6rtl\u00fck Derbentli Kara Ahmet (G\u00f6n\u00fcal) taraf\u0131ndan \u015f\u00f6yle aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Uzun olur araban\u0131n urgan\u0131
\nTelli basmadan yorgan\u0131
\nM\u00fckelleften kurtulan
\n\u00c7ifte kessin kurban\u0131<\/p>\n

M\u00fckelleflikten ka\u00e7an k\u00f6yl\u00fcler jandarma taraf\u0131ndan kovalan\u0131p arkalar\u0131ndan kur\u015fun s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yor. Cellerin Recep A\u011fan\u0131n (\u00c7evik) ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f ve arkas\u0131ndan kur\u015fun at\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ocukluk y\u0131llar\u0131nda dinlenmi\u015ftim.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine g\u00f6re uzak k\u00f6ylerden gelip yer alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan maden i\u015f\u00e7ileri, GL\u0130’nin bekar pavyonlar\u0131nda yat\u0131p kalk\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ancak hafta tatillerinde k\u00f6ylerine yaya olarak gidebiliyorlard\u0131. Derbent K\u00f6yl\u00fc B\u00f6ceklerin Mehmet A\u011fa ile Yumuklar\u0131n \u0130brahim A\u011fa bekar pavyonundaki hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 bir sohbet s\u0131ras\u0131nda anlatt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

GL\u0130 Tun\u00e7bilek \u0130\u015fletmesi zaman i\u00e7erisinde s\u00fcratle geli\u015ferek, ocak vagonlar\u0131, elektrikli nakil ara\u00e7lar\u0131, bant ve zincirli konvey\u00f6rler gibi modern ara\u00e7larla, yer \u00fcst\u00fcnde 80 tonluk kamyonlar ve son teknolojili ara\u00e7larla mekanize edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fletme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in binlerce ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhtelif at\u00f6lyeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00f6renin t\u00fcm mekanik, elektrik ve in\u015faat ustalar\u0131 bu at\u00f6lyelerde yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 3,5-4,5 milyon ton linyit madeni \u00fcretilir hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

GL\u0130 asli g\u00f6revi yan\u0131nda e\u011fitim,sa\u011fl\u0131k tesisleriyle sosyal tesisler a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f veya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 desteklemi\u015f, bar\u0131nma ula\u015f\u0131m ve ileti\u015fim sistemleri kurmu\u015ftur. Y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rg\u00fc ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, deyim yerindeyse y\u00f6reye medeniyet ve ekmek sa\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

GL\u0130’nin faaliyetleri neticesinde y\u00f6reye \u00e7ok para girdiyse de ne yaz\u0131k ki y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131n te\u015febb\u00fcs yetene\u011fi bu rahat ortam i\u00e7inde yeterince geli\u015fememi\u015ftir. GL\u0130’nin nimetlerinden, gelece\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretilen linyitin \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fine sebep olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yakacak olarak alternatif enerji kaynaklar\u0131na y\u00f6neli\u015f, \u00e7ok derinlerdeki \u00f6nemli miktarlardaki rezervin yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli finans ihtiyac\u0131 ile uzunca bir haz\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00f6nemini gerektirmesi ve sair ve nedenler, GL\u0130’nin g\u00f6rkemli d\u00f6neminin sonunun geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Y\u00f6renin (Tav\u015fanl\u0131-Domani\u00e7-Keles-Harmanc\u0131k il\u00e7e ve k\u00f6yleri) en \u00f6nemli istihdam kap\u0131s\u0131 yeni istihdamlara kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kapam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1940’l\u0131 y\u0131llara geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmek \u00fczeredir.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6re insanlar\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu modern \u015fartlara uygun; \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc planl\u0131 tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve yok olan el sanatlar\u0131na \u2013kad\u0131n\u0131, erke\u011fi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle- d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ftedir.<\/p>\n

GL\u0130 Tun\u00e7bilek \u0130\u015fletmesi’nin y\u00f6re insan\u0131n\u0131n sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat\u0131na etkileri \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r. Olumlu etkileri bir kitap olabilecek kadar \u00e7oktur. Olumsuz etkileri \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6nemi etkilerine \u00f6rnek olarak, y\u00f6rede yak\u0131lan iki t\u00fcrk\u00fcy\u00fc verebiliriz.<\/p>\n


\nM\u00fckellef<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u00f6reli gen\u00e7, g\u00f6n\u00fcls\u00fcz m\u00fckellef yap\u0131l\u0131yor. G\u00f6n\u00fcls\u00fcz gen\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 maden oca\u011f\u0131na giri\u015fi ona cehennem deli\u011fi gibi geliyor. Ocak giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ka\u00e7mamas\u0131 i\u00e7in demir parmakl\u0131kl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcl\u00fc\u2026 K\u00f6t\u00fc bir tesad\u00fcf, gen\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fck alt\u0131nda kal\u0131p \u00f6l\u00fcyor, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u0130let (Tun\u00e7bilek) mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

M\u00fckellef ilan oldu gelin dediler,
\nCehennem deli\u011fine girin dediler,
\nYeni de kart\u0131m\u0131 al\u0131p elime de verdiler.
\nAman da beyim, vay efendim bu nas\u0131l engin
\nKapand\u0131 kap\u0131lar s\u00fcrg\u00fclendi.
\nM\u00fckellefin \u00f6n\u00fcnde ast\u0131lar bayrak,
\nAnkara’ya gitti gelmedi evrak,
\nElli lira verem s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden b\u0131rak.
\nAman da beyim, vay efendim bu nas\u0131l engin
\nKapand\u0131 kap\u0131lar s\u00fcrg\u00fclendi.
\nM\u00fckellefin \u00f6n\u00fcnde kurulu da kantarlar,
\nAnam r\u00fc\u015fvet alm\u0131\u015f gavur muhtardan,
\nM\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u00fc yok mu m\u00fckelleften ka\u00e7maktan.
\nAman da beyim, vay efendim bu nas\u0131l engin
\nKapand\u0131 kap\u0131lar s\u00fcrg\u00fclendi.
\nEvimizin \u00f6n\u00fcnde kur\u015fun sa\u00e7arlar,
\nJandarmalar gelmi\u015f beni sorarlar,
\nM\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u00fc yok, \u00e7aresi yok beni de tutarlar.
\nAman da beyim, vay efendim k\u00fcnyem yaz\u0131ld\u0131
\n\u0130let’te mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kabrim kaz\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n


\nDesendere Bay\u0131r m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Desendere, yer alt\u0131 oca\u011f\u0131na inilen ve ocakta ve ocaktan yer\u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan rampa yoldur. T\u00fcrk\u00fc maden i\u015f\u00e7isi ile k\u00f6ydeki sevdi\u011fi k\u0131z \u00fczerine yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maden i\u015f\u00e7isi hafta i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p, bekar pavyonlar\u0131nda yat\u0131p kalk\u0131yor. Ba\u015fkas\u0131 ile evli k\u00f6ydeki k\u0131z, o\u011flan\u0131 \u00f6zl\u00fcyor. O\u011flan da k\u0131z\u0131. K\u0131z, o\u011flan\u0131n k\u00f6ye gelmemesinin nedenini maden ba\u015f\u00e7avu\u015funun kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak izine g\u00f6ndermemesine(gavurlu\u011funa) ba\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Desendere bay\u0131r m\u0131,
\nO\u011flan filen a\u011f\u0131r m\u0131,
\n\u0130zinlere gelmiyon
\nBa\u015f\u00e7avu\u015fun gavur mu?
\nKoca p\u0131nar kurnal\u0131
\nKurnas\u0131n\u0131 burmal\u0131
\nTun\u00e7bilek’ in yoluna, ay o\u011flan,
\nDemir kapan kurmal\u0131
\nKaya dibi su dibi
\nSuyun i\u00e7tim buz gibi
\nAl boh\u00e7an\u0131 ka\u00e7al\u0131m a yarim
\nD\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn edem k\u0131z gibi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ma g\u00f6re TRT Repertuvar\u0131nda bulunmayan \u201cM\u00fckellef\u201d ve \u201cDesenlere Bay\u0131r m\u0131\u201d t\u00fcrk\u00fcleri benim taraf\u0131mdan Orhan Alt\u0131ner’e notaya ald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ekinde sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

GL\u0130’nin imkanlar\u0131ndan yararlanm\u0131\u015f bir y\u00f6re \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu m\u00fctevazi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma; GL\u0130’nin linyit \u00fcretimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda insana de\u011fer veren sosyal politikalar \u00fcreterek uygulayan GL\u0130 y\u00f6neticilerine, her kademedeki memurlar\u0131na, i\u015f\u00e7ilerine, emeklilerine ve y\u00f6relilere ithaf olunur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TUN\u00c7B\u0130LEK \u2013 GARP L\u0130NY\u0130TLER\u0130 \u0130\u015eLETMES\u0130N\u0130N \u0130KT\u0130SAD\u0130, SOSYAL VE K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL HAYATA ETK\u0130LER\u0130   Linyit madeni K\u00fctahya-Tav\u015fanl\u0131 il\u00e7esinde ilk defe \u015fu anda belde olan G\u00fcra\u011fa\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn Kabaa\u011fa\u00e7 mevkiinde 1906-1907 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcra\u011fa\u00e7 K\u00f6yl\u00fc Ya\u011fc\u0131 Mehmet A\u011fan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131na misafir olarak gelen Tav\u015fanl\u0131’l\u0131 Akka\u015f Mehmet, ba\u011f\u0131n alt tarafinda \u00e7e\u015fmenin yan\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc siyah ta\u015flar\u0131n, askerken g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u00f6m\u00fcre benzedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Akka\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":694,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26\/revisions\/694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}