{"id":12,"date":"2004-02-24T00:59:08","date_gmt":"2004-02-23T22:59:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/?p=12"},"modified":"2020-04-12T03:39:20","modified_gmt":"2020-04-12T00:39:20","slug":"duste-uludagin-ardina-tarihi-yolculuk-bursa-ve-kutahya-tarihinden-kesitler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/?p=12","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fc\u015fte Uluda\u011f’\u0131n Ard\u0131na Tarihi Yolculuk – Bursa ve K\u00fctahya Tarihinden Kesitler"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00dc\u015eTE ULUDA\u011e’IN ARDINA TAR\u0130H\u0130 YOLCULUK – BURSA VE K\u00dcTAHYA TAR\u0130H\u0130NDEN KES\u0130TLER<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bursa istikametinden karayolu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile, G\u00fcney Ege ve Akdeniz sahillerine tatile gitmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131p, yo\u011fun trafik ile bo\u011fu\u015fmak istemeyenler, ellerine haritalar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p da alternatif bir yol arad\u0131klar\u0131nda, genellikle Bursa-Orhaneli-Harmanc\u0131k-Tav\u015fanl\u0131-K\u00fctahya veya Bursa-\u0130neg\u00f6l-Domani\u00e7-Tav\u015fanl\u0131-K\u00fctahya yollar\u0131n\u0131n cazip oldu\u011funa karar verirler. Daha dikkatli bak\u0131nca nispeten ince \u00e7izgilerle \u00e7izili Bursa\/Keles’ten ge\u00e7en yolun Harmanc\u0131k-Tav\u015fanl\u0131 yoluyla birle\u015fti\u011finin fark\u0131na var\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Sorunsuz ama anlaml\u0131 bir tatil ge\u00e7irmek isteyen insanlar\u0131m\u0131z e\u011fer bu yollardan birini tercih ederlerse, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkenin 700-800 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihine tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden da\u011flar\u0131, ormanlar\u0131, dereleri, tepeleri ve k\u00f6yleri g\u00f6receklerdir. \u0130lgi duyarsan\u0131z; insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f zamana direnen ya\u015fam\u0131yla, giyim ku\u015fam\u0131yla, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc folklorik de\u011feriyle, misafirperverli\u011fi ve cana yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, y\u00fcksek karakterli vakur duru\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakine verdi\u011fi g\u00fcven duygusuyla, kendinizi tarihi bir st\u00fcdyonun ortas\u0131nda bulursunuz. Yolculuk bitti\u011finde ise belle\u011finizde ho\u015f an\u0131lar kal\u0131r. Bu insanlar kimdir? Bu co\u011frafya neresidir? Dilerseniz bu yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kal\u0131m…<\/p>\n

Bursa’dan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Do\u011fanc\u0131 Baraj\u0131ndan sonra sarp da\u011flar\u0131n, ormanlar\u0131n, vadilerin i\u00e7inden ilerleyip Orhaneli’ne geldi\u011finizde Karag\u00f6z’\u00fcn heykelini g\u00f6r\u00fcr, g\u00f6lge oyununun halk bilgesi kahraman\u0131n\u0131 hayalinizde canland\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. [1]<\/strong> Yoldan ge\u00e7en Simav-Beyce Birlik otob\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, bir Bursa t\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc olan \u201cA Fadime’m hadi seninle ka\u00e7al\u0131m, Beyce Pazar\u0131na d\u00fckkan a\u00e7al\u0131m\u201d t\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc m\u0131r\u0131ldanmaya ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z, Beyce’nin neresi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden. [2]<\/strong> Beyce, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Orhaneli \u0130l\u00e7esinin ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kendi kendinize \u201cOrhaneli Adranos de\u011fil miydi? Beyce nereden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131?\u201d derken birden yolun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lar\u0131ndaki y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Adranos Kalesini g\u00f6r\u00fcr gibi olursunuz. [3]<\/strong> \u015eimdi var olmayan bu kale, stratejik nedenlerden dolay\u0131 fetih sonras\u0131nda Orhangazi taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orhan Beyin askerlerinden ka\u00e7arken Alita Da\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015ferek par\u00e7alanan Adranos (Orhaneli) tekfurunun sessiz \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde yank\u0131lan\u0131r adeta.<\/p>\n

Sis bulutlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden y\u0131k\u0131k Adranos Kalesi kenar\u0131nda Orhangazi, Ahi Hasan, K\u00f6se Mihal Gazi, Turgut Alp ve \u015eeyh Mahmut’u atlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir an se\u00e7er [4]<\/strong> , Kirmast\u0131’dan Adranos’a ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrkolog Charles Texier’in, yorgun v\u00fccudundan akan ter damlalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr gibi olursunuz. Adranos’tan sonra, Keles yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Belen\u00f6ren ve Ak\u00e7ap\u0131nar’a kadar daha gidece\u011fi \u00e7ok yolu vard\u0131r; g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya isimli kitab\u0131na yazacakt\u0131r. [5]<\/strong> Orhaneli’nden sonra yine tepelere t\u0131rman\u0131p, Meyran Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n eteklerinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara k\u0131vr\u0131la k\u0131vr\u0131la d\u00fcze iner, [6]<\/strong> Bal\u0131kesir\/Dursunbey-Harmanc\u0131k yol ayr\u0131m\u0131nda Dursunbey (Hadrianeia veya Balat) istikametinden gelen Roma \u0130mparatorluk Askerlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcr gibi olursunuz. Hadrianeia (Dursunbey) Ala\u00e7am Ormanlar\u0131ndaki bereketli avdan d\u00f6nen Romal\u0131 komutan\u0131n, tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f planlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyece\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmek \u00fczere gitti\u011fi kehanet merkezine \u00e7ok az yolu kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Keles\/Belen\u00f6ren-Ak\u00e7ap\u0131nar). Birden yerin sars\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissedip, deprem oldu\u011funu zannedersiniz. Keles\/Belen\u00f6ren taraf\u0131ndaki kehanet merkezinden ve tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndan toz duman y\u00fckselir g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne. [7]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dursunbey-Harmanc\u0131k yol ayr\u0131m\u0131ndan sola, Harmanc\u0131k istikametine d\u00f6ner, birka\u00e7 kilometre sonra Harmanc\u0131k tabelas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Harmanc\u0131k’\u0131n Roma-Bizans d\u00f6nemindeki ad\u0131 Dagauta olup, Adranos’un g\u00fcney-do\u011fusundad\u0131r. [8]<\/strong> \u201cBuras\u0131 Harmanc\u0131k ise Harman nerede?\u201cdersiniz, Harman Kayay\u0131 hat\u0131rlayarak. [9]<\/strong> Siz Ball\u0131saray K\u00f6y\u00fcndeki Roma-Bizans d\u00f6nemi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 fark etmeden ge\u00e7ip giderken, kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6ylerin birinden \u201cBuras\u0131 Harman Kaya Tekfurun harman yeri\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131ran k\u00f6yl\u00fclere siz de \u201cBizans tekfurlu\u011funun ad\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e mi olur ?\u201d diyerek g\u00fcler ge\u00e7ersiniz. [10]<\/strong> Roma-Bizans d\u00f6neminden kalan buradaki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6rmeden, Ball\u0131saray’\u0131n 650 y\u0131ll\u0131k kurulu\u015f d\u00f6nemindeki Sultan\u00f6n\u00fc sanca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00f6y oldu\u011funu bilmeden… Uzaktan dere yukar\u0131 (Harmanc\u0131k-Tav\u015fanl\u0131 yolu 15. km.) atl\u0131lar\u0131n aras\u0131nda giden yaral\u0131, ya\u015fl\u0131 adam da kim? K\u00f6se Mihal mi yoksa?<\/p>\n

K\u00f6se Mihal, Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011finin kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde Kara Osman Beyin yolda\u015f\u0131 ve dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r. Birlikte \u00f6m\u00fcrlerine neler neler s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmad\u0131lar ki! Bizans’a talan ak\u0131nlar\u0131, nice sava\u015flar, sonra Bursa’n\u0131n fethinde K\u00f6se Mihal’in Bizansl\u0131 Bursa komutan\u0131n\u0131 ikna ederek teslime zorlay\u0131\u015f\u0131. Sonra…<\/p>\n

K\u00f6se Mihal, yolun solundaki (Harmanc\u0131k-Tav\u015fanl\u0131 yolu 20. km.) Yan\u0131k Da\u011f\u0131n tepesindeki zaviye g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc gerilla karargah\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde, derin \u00e7izgilerle g\u00f6lgelenmi\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcyle, ya\u015fl\u0131 bedeniyle, boylu boyunca yere uzanm\u0131\u015f yat\u0131yor. Yaral\u0131 bedeninin ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hissetmiyor bile. [11]<\/strong> Par\u00e7a par\u00e7a bir film \u015feridi gibi ge\u00e7ti hayat\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnden. Olaylar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlayam\u0131yordu. Karesi’nin fethi i\u00e7in Orhan Beye verdi\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc tuttu mu? Kalle\u015f ve haset Germiyan Beyi I. Yakup ne fesatlar kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor yine? Germiyanl\u0131 yine ona ata yurdunu terk ettirecek mi? \u00d6lse bile bir daha eski ata yurdunu terk etmeyecek! \u00d6l\u00fcrse, yorgun bedenini Yan\u0131k Da\u011f\u0131n ete\u011finde, bir \u00e7am g\u00f6lgesinde Germiyan’\u0131 g\u00f6zetleyerek dinlendirecek sonsuza kadar. [12]<\/strong> Emrindeki Ahiler, Kay\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkmenler ve Kalenderi dervi\u015fler, komutanlar\u0131 hala ba\u015flar\u0131ndaym\u0131\u015f gibi onun emirlerini yerine getirecekler. \u0130lerideki I\u015f\u0131k \u00c7am\u0131n alt\u0131nda mevzilenmi\u015f Kalenderi dervi\u015flerden biri, kar\u015f\u0131 da\u011flara do\u011fru ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Sonra uzaklardan, Derbent Eski K\u00f6y taraflar\u0131ndan \u201cT\u00fcm T\u00fcm\u201d sesleri yank\u0131land\u0131. \u00c7ok daha uzaklardan hafif sesli \u201cT\u00fcm t\u00fcm\u201d sesleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi. T\u00fcm T\u00fcm Dedenin \u015eamba Bay\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n tepesindeki \u015eahan Babayla haberle\u015fti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Uluda\u011f’\u0131n tepesinden kendine elindeki koca kavak fidan\u0131n\u0131 sallay\u0131p \u201cBize g\u00fcven\u201d diyen Geyikli Baban\u0131n ve Abdal Murad’\u0131n sesini duyar gibi oldu, hafif\u00e7e el sallad\u0131 Uluda\u011f’a do\u011fru. T\u00fcm Keles da\u011f y\u00f6resi, kar\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f, Germiyanl\u0131 I. Yakup Beyin askerleriyle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in bekleyen Ahi gen\u00e7lerle, T\u00fcrkmenlerle, Kalenderi dervi\u015flerle doluydu. [13] <\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00f6se Mihal, Uluda\u011f’\u0131n (Karl\u0131 Da\u011f’\u0131n) g\u00fcney ete\u011finde Rhyndakos \u00c7ay\u0131’n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki ata yurdunda \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun ve gen\u00e7li\u011finin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Kharman Kata’daki (Harman Kaya) \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131ndan kopar\u0131p yedi\u011fi \u00fcz\u00fcmlerin lezzetini hat\u0131rlad\u0131. Germiyanl\u0131dan \u00e7ekinip huzursuz olan halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 etme iste\u011fini umursamayan Adranos Tekfurunu, Bo\u011fazova’dan atlarla indi\u011fi Bednos’tan (Bedre, \u00c7ayyaka) Angelekoma’ya (\u0130neg\u00f6l) geldi\u011fi, umutsuzca d\u00f6n\u00fcp tekrar Neo Kaisareiya’dan (Barakl\u0131), Ba\u011fl\u0131’dan Elma \u00c7ukurundan Maksem’den Prusa (Bursa) Hisar\u0131’ndaki tekfura ula\u015f\u0131p y\u00fcz geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcnleri hat\u0131rlad\u0131. Domani\u00e7 yaylalar\u0131nda (Bilelik Yaylas\u0131) Osmanc\u0131k’la ufuklara bakarak planlar yapt\u0131klar\u0131 akl\u0131na geldi. Tek umut Bilecik Tekfurundayd\u0131. Ancak Bilecik Tekfurunu \u015f\u00fcphelendirmemek gerekirdi. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri plan bir ger\u00e7ekle\u015firse kimse onlar\u0131 tutamazd\u0131. \u201cEl \u00f6pmekle y\u00fcz a\u015f\u0131nmaz\u201d dediler. Kader ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrd\u00fc Osman Bey’le. Dar g\u00fcn\u00fcnde kendini ortada b\u0131rakanlar\u0131, birer birer dize getirdiler birlikte. Gelecek, Ertu\u011frul’un soyuyla birlik olmaktayd\u0131, Mihail Kosses i\u00e7in… Birden \u015eeyh Edeb\u00e2li’yi hat\u0131rlad\u0131. Ne b\u00fcy\u00fck insand\u0131 o. \u0130ki serg\u00fcze\u015fti usta bir heykelt\u0131ra\u015f gibi ne g\u00fczel yontmu\u015ftu. Kendilerine kalsa su testisi gibi su yolunda k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131. Sar\u0131 Yat\u0131 \u00f6yle olmu\u015ftu… [14]<\/strong> \u00c7a\u015f\u0131tlar (Casuslar), \u201cBizans ile Germiyanl\u0131 anla\u015ft\u0131, Germiyanl\u0131 Bursa’y\u0131 arkadan vuracak\u201d diyorlard\u0131. [15]<\/strong> Evlad\u0131 gibi yeti\u015ftirip sevdi\u011fi, babas\u0131 Osman’\u0131n kendisine emanet etti\u011fi Orhan Bey, aralar\u0131nda s\u0131r gibi saklad\u0131klar\u0131 bir g\u00f6rev vermi\u015fti K\u00f6se’ye. Yalanc\u0131ktan g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015fecek, Sakarya \u00f6tesindeki yeni ili elinden al\u0131nacak, Orhan’\u0131 terk edecekti. O\u011fullar\u0131, en yak\u0131nlar\u0131 bile ger\u00e7e\u011fi bilmeyecekti… [16]<\/strong> Birden, arkas\u0131ndan \u201cK\u00f6se Mihal kap\u0131 tutmaz\u201d denildi\u011fini hat\u0131rlad\u0131. Sonra kendini eski ata yurdunun yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda Yan\u0131k Da\u011f\u0131ndaki zaviye g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc karargah\u0131nda, g\u00fcvenilir adamlar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda buldu.<\/p>\n

Arac\u0131n\u0131zla Harmanc\u0131k-Tav\u015fanl\u0131 karayolunun 20. kilometresindeki tepe \u00fcst\u00fcne geldi\u011finizde -hududnameye g\u00f6re, – Derbent K\u00f6y\u00fc arazi hududu i\u00e7inde olan, yolun solunda, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir t\u00fcrbe g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. [Harita:1] K\u00f6se Dede, K\u00f6se Mihal veya K\u00f6se Kalfa T\u00fcrbesi diye bilinir. \u00dcst\u00fc kiremit \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131, d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fe, kap\u0131s\u0131z bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00f6re k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri girdi\u011fi bir i\u015fte sebat etmeyen ki\u015filere \u201cK\u00f6se Dede’nin kap\u0131 tutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi\u201d diyerek alaya al\u0131rlar. Buna nazire olarak t\u00fcrbesine kap\u0131 yapmazlar. S\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131nda da oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cKap\u0131 tutmamak\u201d; kap\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131, hizmetine girdi\u011fi yerden ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kalmak olarak de\u011ferlendirilir y\u00f6re k\u00f6yl\u00fclerince.<\/p>\n

Asli g\u00f6revi Germiyanl\u0131lar\u0131 ve Karesilileri \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi Ahilerle, Kalenderi dervi\u015flerle, Kay\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkmenlerle g\u00f6zlemek, d\u00fc\u015fman ve hedef topraklar\u0131 tan\u0131mak, gerekirse Germiyan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ete faaliyetleri yaparak Bursa’ya sald\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 geciktirmek. Emrindeki Derbentli Kay\u0131l\u0131lar (Softal\u0131lar, Saliho\u011fullar\u0131) ve Merkezyenik\u00f6y’\u00fcndeki I\u015f\u0131k \u00c7aml\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mevzilenmi\u015f Kalenderi dervi\u015fler hali haz\u0131rdaki g\u00f6revlerini biliyorlar, \u00f6mr\u00fc sava\u015flarda ge\u00e7mi\u015f tecr\u00fcbeli komutanlar\u0131na gereken sayg\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorlard\u0131. [17]<\/strong> Onun mertli\u011fine sayg\u0131 duyan y\u00f6re k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri de, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 onun gibi bir erkek olsun diye, yeni evli ve hamile gelinleriyle, s\u00fcnnet olacak o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcn bile t\u00fcrbeye getirirler. Ayn\u0131 \u0131rktan olmasalar da K\u00f6se Mihal’e karma\u015f\u0131k hislerle ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Karayoluyla t\u00fcrbeden 50 metre ilerleyip anayoldan sola do\u011fru d\u00f6nerseniz, s\u0131ras\u0131yla Derbent, Elmaa\u011fac\u0131, E\u015fen K\u00f6ylerinden sonra gelen dereyi ge\u00e7ince; K\u00f6se Mihal’in eski ata yurdu Kharman Kata’ya (Eski Harman Kaya) ula\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Buras\u0131 Koza\u011fac\u0131 K\u00f6ylerinden Gelemi\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fcne kadar olan arazi olup ortas\u0131nda Adranos (Rhyndakos) \u00c7ay\u0131 ge\u00e7er. Karayoluyla Adranos \u00c7ay\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7tikten sonra, \u015eamba Bay\u0131r\u0131ndan (\u015eahan Baba) ilerleyip, Keles \u0130l\u00e7esine ula\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Derbent K\u00f6y\u00fc ile Keles \u0130l\u00e7esi aras\u0131 40 kilometredir.<\/p>\n

Kharman Kata (Eski Harman Kaya), bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Iss\u0131z \u00d6ren K\u00f6y\u00fc dahil, Koza\u011fac\u0131 K\u00f6yleri denilen yer; Orhaneli \u0130l\u00e7esi ile Domani\u00e7 \u0130l\u00e7esi aras\u0131nda, Orhaneli’nin do\u011fusunda, Uluda\u011f’\u0131n g\u00fcney ete\u011finde y\u00fcksek da\u011flarla, yemye\u015fil ormanlarla \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olup, t\u00fct\u00fcn ekimi ve ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k dahil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sebzecilik, meyvecilik ve tah\u0131l ekiminin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ortas\u0131ndan Orhaneli \u00c7ay\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u0131l\u0131man iklime sahip \u015firin bir yerdir. [18]<\/strong> Y\u00f6renin cana yak\u0131n misafirperver insanlar\u0131, bu yerlere daha bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k verirler. Buras\u0131, tarihi Misia ve Bitinya Devletlerinin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 veya k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yerdeki Iss\u0131z \u00d6ren ve Gelemi\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fc, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u0131\u015f tehlikelere kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011fal olarak korunakl\u0131 bir yerdedir. Gelemi\u00e7, Kalamisya (Misia’n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131) anlam\u0131na gelmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kalauwa, Kalfa’y\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131l\u0131k anlam\u0131na gelir. [19]<\/strong> K\u00f6se Mihal’in y\u00f6redeki di\u011fer ad\u0131 olan K\u00f6se Kalfan\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgeli oldu\u011funun \u015fifresi gibidir. Luwia dilindeki \u201cKala\u201d kelimesinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u201cK\u0131y\u0131\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Keles T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc da\u011f y\u00f6resinde s\u00f6ylenir, oynan\u0131r. Bilerek veya bilmeyerek y\u00f6re insanlar\u0131 \u201cK\u0131y\u0131l\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu folklorunda ya\u015fat\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00f6zleri \u201cK\u0131y\u0131dan, k\u0131y\u0131dan k\u0131y\u0131dan gel, ortas\u0131 \u00e7amur, k\u0131y\u0131dan gel\u201d dir.<\/p>\n

Gelemi\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fusundaki da\u011flar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nca Sorgun, Kocakovac\u0131k, D\u00fcvenli K\u00f6yleri \u00fczerinen Kara Osman Beyin yayla\u011f\u0131 olan, Domani\u00e7 Da\u011flar\u0131ndaki Bilelik Yaylas\u0131na (Beylik) ula\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Kim bilir? 750 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, K\u00f6se Mihal ve Yaylak kom\u015fusu Osman Bey birbirlerini ka\u00e7 kere bu da\u011f yollar\u0131ndan ziyarete gelip gitmi\u015flerdir! [20]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011finin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde Kay\u0131 A\u015fireti; S\u00f6\u011f\u00fctte k\u0131\u015flay\u0131p Ermeni Da\u011f\u0131 ve Domani\u00e7 Yaylalar\u0131na yaylaya \u00e7\u0131karken, sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde Ayd\u0131n, \u0130zmir ve Bal\u0131kesir\/Dursunbey havalisinde k\u0131\u015flay\u0131p, Domani\u00e7 yaylar\u0131na yaylaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya devam etmi\u015flerdir. \u015e\u00fcphesiz, beylik topraklar\u0131na yeni yeni topraklar katmak isteyen devletin politikas\u0131 bunda en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkendir. Dikkat \u00e7ekmeden yaylak-k\u0131\u015flak aras\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ler; hedef topraklar\u0131n topografik durumunun \u00f6\u011frenilmesine, Osmanl\u0131 lehine propaganda yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc istihbarat bilgisinin toplanmas\u0131na yaramaktad\u0131r. Karesi Beyli\u011finin i\u00e7ten fethedilerek Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131 bu yolla sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Da\u011fl\u0131k, ormanl\u0131k Dursunbey ve Kepsut’a n\u00fcfuz etmekle Bal\u0131kesir’e (Karesi) 25 kilometre kadar yakla\u015fabilmek, gerekirse tehlike an\u0131nda kolayca g\u00f6zden kaybolmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. [21]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dursunbey Koca K\u0131\u015flada k\u0131\u015flayan Y\u00f6r\u00fckler, K\u00fcpl\u00fcda\u011f\u0131 ete\u011fi, Armut\u00e7uk, Ay\u0131deresi, Taskald\u0131r\u0131mlar, Karay\u00fcksek mevkiinden, De\u011firmen Derelerinden ge\u00e7erek Bilelik Yaylas\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rlar. Bilelik Yaylas\u0131, K\u00f6se Mihal ile Osman Beyin gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131nda Sakarya Nehrini ge\u00e7erek, Samsa \u00c7avu\u015fun refakatiyle Sakarya \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in planlar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir.<\/p>\n

Bu sefer ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilip bol ganimetle d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra, Osman ve Mihal Bilecik Tekfurundan \u015fiddetli azar i\u015fiterek, be\u015f-yedi y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle seslerini soluklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. [22] <\/strong><\/p>\n

Osman ile Mihal’in bir yaz g\u00fcn\u00fc serin Bilelik Yaylas\u0131nda cezalar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Oylat Derelerinde otlayan develeri seyretmektedirler muhtemelen!<\/p>\n

\u0130neg\u00f6l\/Oylat Derelerinden kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131za Tav\u015fanl\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7esinin bir g\u00f6\u00e7 t\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc yank\u0131lan\u0131r: \u201cG\u00fcle \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131m g\u00fclmedim, g\u00fclden d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm \u00f6lmedim. \u015eerfem senle gezmesi sefa imi\u015f bilmedim. Oylat’\u0131n Dereleri, yay\u0131l\u0131r develeri. Bak kar\u015f\u0131dan geliyor \u015eerfem sen yakt\u0131n beni, eyi olmaz yareleri\u201d. Sanki y\u00f6reli saz sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Y\u00fcksel Karaca, S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct’teki k\u0131\u015flaktan Bilelik Yaylas\u0131na yaylamaya giderken g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunda yorgunluk atmaktad\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131dan gelen, g\u00fczel \u015eerife de\u011fil, atl\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kalabal\u0131k atl\u0131 askerlerin Oylat Derelerinden yukar\u0131 do\u011fru h\u0131zl\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 t\u0131rmand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr gibi olursunuz. Gelen Bizans \u0130mparatoru Alexios Kommenos’tur. \u0130znik’ten \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Malagina \u00fczerinden Oylat’tan Domani\u00e7 Da\u011f\u0131 doru\u011funu a\u015f\u0131p Orinas’a (Saruhanlar’a) ula\u015fmak istemektedir. Zorlu yolculuk kendini ve emrindeki askerlerini yorgunluktan bitirmi\u015ftir. Orinas’tan (Oyna\u015fhisar) B\u00f6\u00e7en’e gelip tarihi ta\u015f k\u00f6pr\u00fcden Adranos \u00c7ay\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek Bozbelen, Derbent Koca Orman ve Eski K\u00f6yden, \u00c7\u00f6tmekli’den, Ba\u015falan’dan ge\u00e7ip Alethina’ya ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Alethina’dan Akrakos’a (E\u011frig\u00f6z veya Emet) ula\u015f\u0131p d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkleri pusuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecektir. K\u0131z\u0131 Anna Kommena da bunu g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yazacakt\u0131r. [23]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alethina, bug\u00fcn Demirbilek (\u0130let) asarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Derbent K\u00f6y\u00fc Karap\u0131nar ve Yabaneli mevkileri aras\u0131ndaki Bizans yerle\u015fim yeridir. Alethina’n\u0131n kurulu oldu\u011fu yer ile K\u00f6se Mihal T\u00fcrbesi aras\u0131 iki kilometre kadard\u0131r. [Harita:1]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"

Harita 1: Derbent K\u00f6y\u00fc<\/p><\/div>\n

K\u00f6se Mihal, Harmanc\u0131k-Tav\u015fanl\u0131 karayolunun 20. kilometresinde tepe \u00fcst\u00fcndeki t\u00fcrbesinde ebedi uykusundad\u0131r. Kap\u0131s\u0131z olan t\u00fcrbesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnden sola orman i\u00e7ine giden bir karayolu Yan\u0131k Tepedeki orman i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7er. Bu stratejik tepe, K\u00f6se Mihal’in askeri karargah olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Harmanc\u0131k, Emet (E\u011frig\u00f6z), Tav\u015fanl\u0131, Kharman Kata (Eski Harman Kaya), Keles\/Koza\u011fac\u0131, Uluda\u011f ve Domani\u00e7 Da\u011flar\u0131na hakim bir tepedir. K\u00f6se Mihal buradan Uluda\u011f’\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki Bursa ve Sakarya Nehri \u00f6tesindeki, Osman Gazi taraf\u0131ndan kendisine m\u00fclk olarak verilen, yeni ili Harman Kaya’y\u0131 (Eski\u015fehir\/Mihalgazi \u0130l\u00e7esi-Bilecik\/\u0130nhisar \u0130l\u00e7esi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde) ve Harman Kaya’daki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebildi\u011fini hissetti\u011fi bir yerdir. [24]<\/strong> [Harita:3]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"

Harita 3: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti : Osman Bey Zaman\u0131 (1299 \u2013 1323)<\/p><\/div>\n

Bu ormanl\u0131k tepe ve arka taraflar\u0131ndaki orman, bilinmeyen bir tarihte, bilinmeyen bir nedenle yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tepe, Yan\u0131k ad\u0131yla, arka taraflar\u0131 da Kara G\u00f6yn\u00fck ad\u0131yla bilinir y\u00f6re k\u00f6yl\u00fclerince. Bug\u00fcne intikal eden kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, \u00e7evredeki iki k\u00f6ydeki Dervi\u015f P\u0131nar\u0131, I\u015f\u0131k (A\u015f\u0131k) \u00c7am\u0131, Softa O\u011fullar\u0131, Hac\u0131 Softal\u0131, I\u015fk\u0131ll\u0131lar, Bali O\u011fullar\u0131 ve orman i\u00e7inde yan\u0131k k\u0131z\u0131l ta\u015flar, k\u0131z\u0131l ta\u015ftan yap\u0131l\u0131 uzun kuru duvarlard\u0131r. [25]<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00f6se Mihal’in karargah\u0131 olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdeki tarihi yoldan biraz ilerleyince, \u0130lkili Dere ve Kuyu Alt\u0131 mevkiindeki on iki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f k\u0131z\u0131l ta\u015ftan kuru duvar y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na gelirsiniz.<\/p>\n

1921 y\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131. Ak\u015fam\u0131n serinli\u011finde ta\u015f duvarlar\u0131 siper alm\u0131\u015f 200 kadar asker sessizce uzaklar\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u00fcyor. A\u011fustos b\u00f6ceklerinin sesinden ba\u015fka ses duyulmuyor. Bir de \u00e7am a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan re\u00e7ine kokusu. Ald\u0131klar\u0131 istihbarata g\u00f6re Yunanl\u0131lar Orhaneli’ni i\u015fgal etmi\u015f. Belki Harmanc\u0131k i\u015fgal edildi. Eller tetikte… [26]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Garp Cephesi Komutan\u0131 Miralay \u0130smet Bey de (\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc) Tav\u015fanl\u0131’da imi\u015f. Buraya bizzat ke\u015ffe gelmesi bekleniyor… Miralay \u0130smet Bey, ke\u015fif sonras\u0131 stratejik geri \u00e7ekilme emri veriyor. K\u00f6seler K\u00f6y\u00fc istikametinden gelen Yunan birlikleri 15 Temmuz 1921 g\u00fcn\u00fc Derbent K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015fgal edip Alethina ile Derbent K\u00f6y\u00fc aras\u0131na i\u015fgal karagah\u0131 kuruyor. Abdullah Mihal (K\u00f6se Mihal) k\u0131zg\u0131n. Gafil avland\u0131 uykusunda. Mezar\u0131ndan do\u011frulup, darmada\u011f\u0131n etmek istiyor i\u015fgalcileri. [27]<\/strong><\/p>\n

16 Temmuz 1921’de, Tav\u015fanl\u0131 da Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6reli efeler duyuyor Abdullah (K\u00f6se) Mihal’in k\u0131zg\u0131n sesini. Alabardal\u0131 Salih Efe, Akalanl\u0131 Canip Efe, K\u00f6p\u00fcrcekli Kel Ali Efe, K\u0131ran\u0131\u015f\u0131klarl\u0131 Saadettin Efe, Edebeyli \u00c7erkez \u0130zzet Efe, \u015eap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Efe, Derbentli Bulmanlar\u0131n Ey\u00fcp \u015eahin ve di\u011fer k\u0131zanlar\u0131. [28]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bizzat Derbentli Bombac\u0131 Ey\u00fcp \u015eahin, E\u015fen K\u00f6y\u00fcnde Yunan komutan\u0131 Zamanist’i bomba ile par\u00e7alayarak al\u0131yor intikam\u0131n\u0131. Bedelini, 14 k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc diri diri yak\u0131larak \u00f6d\u00fcyor. Ard\u0131ndan Merkezyenik\u00f6y (\u00d6ren) yak\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u00f6se Mihal’in yi\u011fitlerinin torunlar\u0131ndan Derbentli Softalar\u0131n Ahmet de \u015fahadet mertebesine eri\u015fenlerden biri. Yak\u0131lan bu on d\u00f6rt \u015fehit, Derbent \u015eehitler Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve K\u00f6y Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yat\u0131yorlar. [29]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bozguna u\u011frat\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015fman, y\u00f6reli efelerin \u00e7eteleri ile birlikte t\u00fcm milli kuvvetler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Bursa’ya, sonra Mudanya’ya kadar kovalan\u0131p denize d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 11 Eyl\u00fcl 1922 tarihinde Alabardal\u0131 Salih Efe ve \u00e7etesi Bursa \u00c7ekirge’de foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131ya poz vermektedirler. [30]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131rada Bursa’dan Avrupa’ya g\u00f6nderilen mallar\u0131 \u0130zmir\/Fo\u00e7a’ya ta\u015f\u0131yan deve kervanlar\u0131ndan biri yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, G\u00f6kdere boyunca Uluda\u011f’a t\u0131rmanmaktad\u0131rlar. Elma \u00c7ukuru’ndan (S\u00fcleymaniye K\u00f6y\u00fc), Ba\u011fl\u0131 Han\u0131na u\u011frayacak. Oradan So\u011fukp\u0131nar, Deliler K\u00f6yleri aras\u0131ndan Barakl\u0131’dan Keles’e u\u011fray\u0131p, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kavac\u0131k, Alpagut, Uzun\u00f6z, Haydar \u00fczerinden Mente\u015fe Han\u0131na gelecek. Adranos \u00c7ay\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7tikten sonra Oydas (Yaz\u0131ba\u015f\u0131) Avdan’dan, Asar Deresi Vadisinden, K\u00f6seler K\u00f6y\u00fcnden, Elmaa\u011fac\u0131ndan, Derbent K\u00f6y hududu i\u00e7indeki Kara Y\u00fcksek ve Deve Yoku\u015fundan K\u00f6se Mihal T\u00fcrbesi \u00f6n\u00fcnden, \u015eap\u00e7\u0131’daki (K\u00f6pr\u00fcc\u00fck \u015eaphanesi) \u015fap madeni \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yere ula\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. \u0130zmir\/Fo\u00e7a’ya giden kervan Bursa’dan yola \u00e7\u0131kal\u0131 2,5 g\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Kervanc\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131, Halil \u0130nalc\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan haritaya bakarak yol g\u00fczergah\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irirken, devecilerden biri t\u00fcrk\u00fc s\u00f6ylemektedir \u201c\u00c7ek deveci develeri engine, \u015fimdi ra\u011fbet g\u00fczel ile zengine, devem y\u00fcksek atamad\u0131m urgan\u0131, \u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e \u00e7ek ba\u015f\u0131na yorgan\u0131, sordum asl\u0131n nereli, \u00e7ok sallama g\u00f6be\u011fi, bebek girer ya\u015f\u0131na, takke de ister ba\u015f\u0131na\u201d diye. [31,32]<\/strong> Karay\u00fcksek’ten Deve Yoku\u015funa a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru inmek \u00fczere olan kervan ba\u015f\u0131ndaki e\u015fek t\u00f6kezleyerek yere devrilir. E\u015fe\u011fin yard\u0131m\u0131na ko\u015fan kervanc\u0131lar e\u015fek ile me\u015fgul iken, kervanc\u0131ba\u015f\u0131 develerin inad\u0131 tutup y\u00fcr\u00fcmedi\u011finden, kervana konak verdirmek zorunda kal\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada Y\u00f6r\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 kervan\u0131, Derbent De\u011firmen Deresinden gelip, Kurudereye do\u011fru t\u0131rmanmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00f6r\u00fcklerin ve hayvan \u00e7\u0131ng\u0131raklar\u0131n\u0131n sesleri ormanda yank\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Yava\u015f yava\u015f ilerleyen Y\u00f6r\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 kervan\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunu takip ederek Karay\u00fcksek’teki Y\u00f6r\u00fck \u0130ndi\u011fine (Yurt) gelir ve konak verirler (Derbent Beklemesi). Hayvan melemeleri \u00e7\u0131ng\u0131rak seslerine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, havay\u0131 genzi yakan hayvan kokusu sarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00f6r\u00fck Beyi ile kervan ba\u015f\u0131 selamla\u015f\u0131p hal hat\u0131rdan sonra birbirlerine nereden gelip, nereye gittiklerini sormu\u015flard\u0131r. [Harita:1]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u00f6r\u00fckler, Domani\u00e7 Bilelik Yaylas\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7e \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p F\u0131ranlar Ba\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015fler, oradan Kocasuyu (Adranos \u00c7ay\u0131) ge\u00e7ip K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7ukur K\u00f6y\u00fc alt\u0131ndan, Karl\u0131 Yerinden sonra, De\u011firmen Deresinden, Taskald\u0131r\u0131mlar’dan, Armut\u00e7uk’tan sonra K\u00fcpl\u00fc Da\u011f\u0131ndaki Ay\u0131 Deresinde konak verecekler; daha sonra Alabarda (\u00c7amalan) ile Kozluca K\u00f6yleri aras\u0131ndan ver elini Dursunbey\/Kocak\u0131\u015fla. Orada k\u0131\u015flayacaklard\u0131r k\u0131\u015f boyunca. Bursa’dan gelen kervan ise Deve Yoku\u015fundan inip Akta\u015fl\u0131’dan, \u0130lkili Dere \u00fcst\u00fcndeki Kuyu Alt\u0131ndan, K\u00f6se Dede T\u00fcrbesinden, Merkezyenik\u00f6y \u00fcst\u00fcnden K\u00f6pr\u00fcc\u00fck \u015eaphanesine (\u015eap\u00e7\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc) var\u0131p konaklayacaklard\u0131r. K\u00f6pr\u00fcc\u00fck \u015eaphanesinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u015fap madenini ta\u015f\u0131yan kervanlar\u0131n gitti\u011fi yolu takip ederek; Da\u011fdemirli, Sekbandemirli, Yenik\u00f6y, K\u0131\u015flademirli yoluyla E\u011frig\u00f6z’e (Emet), oradan \u0130zmir\/Fo\u00e7a’ya ula\u015facaklard\u0131r. [33]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131rada, sabah erkenden Alethina’dan askerleri ile yola \u00e7\u0131kan Bizans \u0130mparatoru Alexios Kommenos, Da\u011fdemirli’den a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Sekbandemirli’ye do\u011fru dikkatlice ilerlemektedir. Biraz sonra d\u00fcze inecektir. Kafas\u0131 sava\u015f planlar\u0131 ile doludur. Sava\u015f alan\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fman T\u00fcrklerden \u00f6nce ula\u015fman\u0131n avantaj\u0131n\u0131 kullanacakt\u0131r. Erken gelen, \u00fcstelik de beklenmedik yerden gelen, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z yakalard\u0131. Sonradan gelen yorgun gelir ve kaybederdi. Sava\u015f sanat\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilen bir imparatordu kendisi.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7evrede olanlardan habersiz olan siz, arac\u0131n\u0131zla Harmanc\u0131k-Tav\u015fanl\u0131 karayolunun 20. kilometresindeki K\u00f6se Mihal t\u00fcrbesinden Merkezyenik\u00f6y’e do\u011fru ilerleyerek Sorkun Bo\u011faz\u0131 ve Gelin Ta\u015f\u0131ndan, daha sonra Kocasu’yu (Adranos \u00c7ay\u0131) ge\u00e7erek Bursa\/Domani\u00e7’ten gelen karayoluyla birle\u015ferek Tav\u015fanl\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7esine ula\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Siz arac\u0131n\u0131zla Sorkun Bo\u011faz\u0131nda ilerlerken, \u00f6nce soldaki kayal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fczerinde Frigya d\u00f6neminden kalan heybetli kaya mezar\u0131n\u0131n(Delik Ta\u015f) yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er, bo\u011faz\u0131n alt ucuna yakla\u015f\u0131rken sola bakarsan\u0131z birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz metre ilerideki Gelin Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. \u00d6nde at \u00fcst\u00fcndeki gelinin at\u0131n\u0131 yeden (\u00e7eken) kay\u0131npeder, arkaya do\u011fru gelin alay\u0131 ve en arkada da davulcu ve zurnac\u0131. Hikaya bu ya, bir k\u00f6yden di\u011fer k\u00f6ye verilen gelin k\u0131z, gelin alay\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yeni evine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken birden yellenivermi\u015f. Utanc\u0131ndan k\u0131pk\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olan gelin k\u0131z, \u201cMevla’m, ya beni ku\u015f et ya da ta\u015f!\u201d deyivermi\u015f. Mevla’s\u0131 t\u00fcm gelin alay\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f edivermi\u015f. Yak\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcn bu ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar se\u00e7ilir. [34]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Siz Gelin Ta\u015f\u0131ndan Tav\u015fanl\u0131’ya do\u011fru uzakla\u015f\u0131rken, at\u0131n \u00fczerindeki gelin ku\u015f olur, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde d\u00f6ner d\u00f6ner. Yol boyunca g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnden sizi takip ederken, Kocasu’yu (Adranos \u00c7ay\u0131) ge\u00e7ince, sola do\u011fru kavis \u00e7izerek Dedeler K\u00f6y\u00fc’n\u00fcn \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7er, bodur ormanl\u0131k alan i\u00e7inde maiyetiyle birlikte avlanan ya\u011f\u0131z bir delikanl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bereketli tav\u015fan av\u0131 sonras\u0131, Germiyan Beyi S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Devlet Hatunu g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in Tav\u015fanl\u0131’ya kadar gelmi\u015ftir Bayezit. [35]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en zamanda Germiyan Beyli\u011fi geri, Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi ileri gitmi\u015ftir. Karaman Beyli\u011fi ile bozu\u015fan Germiyanl\u0131, bir de I. Murat’\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 Karamano\u011fullar\u0131na gelin vermesi \u00fczerine iyice tela\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp, k\u0131z\u0131 Devlet Hatunu I. Murat’\u0131n o\u011flu Bayezit ile evlendirerek akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 kurmak istemi\u015ftir. Tav\u015fan av\u0131 bahanesiyle oraya gelen Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit’tir. Kay\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde Devlet Hatunu g\u00f6recektir. [36]<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde ku\u015f olup u\u00e7an gelin, s\u00fcz\u00fclerek Beyk\u00f6y \u00fczerinden Tun\u00e7bilek’e do\u011fru ilerlerken, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r g\u00fcden bir \u00e7oban g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Yoksa Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit’in yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ulucami’nin \u00fc\u00e7 kap\u0131s\u0131ndan birden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 cemaat taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp, kerameti anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131nca ortadan kaybolup Hicaz yollar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen Somuncu Baba m\u0131 bu \u00e7oban? [37]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tav\u015fanl\u0131-Tun\u00e7bilek karayolunun sa\u011f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcrbeyi, y\u00f6reliler Ekmek\u00e7i Dede T\u00fcrbesi olarak bilir, Somuncu Baban\u0131n makam mezar\u0131 olarak kabul ederler. \u00c7obanl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131nda inek ile konu\u015ftu\u011funun g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine s\u0131r olup gitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ekmek\u00e7i Dede T\u00fcrbesinden karayolu ile ilerlerseniz, 8 kilometre sonra Tun\u00e7bilek’e gelirsiniz. Ortas\u0131ndan Kocasu (Adranos \u00c7ay\u0131) ge\u00e7en bu beldenin da\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 linyit madenidir. Yolda, aslen K\u00fctahyal\u0131 olan Evliya \u00c7elebi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Evliya \u00c7elebi Tav\u015fanl\u0131’ya do\u011fru ilerlemektedir. Tun\u00e7bilek’ten 30 kilometre sonra Domani\u00e7’e ula\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. [38]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tav\u015fanl\u0131, yolculuk boyunca g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz il\u00e7elerin n\u00fcfus olarak en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc oldu\u011fu gibi, ekonomik y\u00f6nden de en geli\u015fmi\u015fidir. Evliya \u00c7elebi’ye g\u00f6re en me\u015fhur \u015feyi a\u011fdas\u0131; bize g\u00f6re ise \u00f6zg\u00fcveni y\u00fcksek insanlar\u0131 ile 20-30 \u00e7e\u015fit lezzetli leblebisidir. [39]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tav\u015fanl\u0131’dan 45 kilometre sonra Yellice Da\u011f\u0131 ete\u011finde kurulu \u00e7ini diyar\u0131 K\u00fctahya’ya gelirsiniz. Siz K\u00fctahya’ya geldi\u011finizde Devlet Hatun, Bursa’ya I. Murat’\u0131n o\u011fluna gelin gitmi\u015f, K\u00fctahya, Tav\u015fanl\u0131, Simav ve Emet Osmanl\u0131’ya \u00e7eyiz olarak verilmi\u015ftir. [40]<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fctahya’dan Afyon yoluna \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, sa\u011fda otostop i\u00e7in elini kald\u0131ran sar\u0131kl\u0131, c\u00fcppeli ki\u015fi ise Devlet Hatunun babas\u0131 Germiyan Beyi S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’t\u0131r! Zahmet olmazsa kendisini Kula’ya b\u0131rak\u0131verin (!) [41]<\/strong><\/p>\n


\nA\u00e7\u0131klamalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Not: Kaynak\u00e7a yaz\u0131n\u0131n sonundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/strong>\u00a0Karag\u00f6z: G\u00f6lge oyunu tiplemelerinden Hacivat’\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Bursa Orhan Camii in\u015faat\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada Hacivat’la birlikte yapt\u0131klar\u0131 oyunlar\u0131n, s\u00f6yle\u015filerin cami in\u015faat\u0131n\u0131 geciktirdikleri gerek\u00e7esiyle idam edildikleri rivayet edilir. Orhanelililer Karag\u00f6z’\u00fcn Karake\u00e7ili Y\u00f6r\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olup, kendi hem\u015fehrileri oldu\u011funu kabul eder; Karag\u00f6z \u015eenlikleri d\u00fczenlerler. Kaplano\u011flu’nun nakline g\u00f6re Karag\u00f6z (Harahus) Bizansl\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Etkile\u015fme yoluyla Bizans k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcze kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaplano\u011flu, Raif \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Kurulu\u015fu s.162<\/p>\n

[2]\u00a0<\/strong>Beyce: K\u00fctahya\/Simav k\u00f6ylerindendir. Beyce Birlik otob\u00fcsleri Simav-Harmanc\u0131k-Orhaneli-Bursa g\u00fczergah\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Beyce, Orhaneli \u0130l\u00e7esinin eski ad\u0131d\u0131r. Beyce’nin Osmanl\u0131 resmi yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki ad\u0131 Adranos’tur.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/strong> Adranos Kalesi: Bursa’dan Orhaneli \u0130l\u00e7esine giderken \u2013 Orhaneli \u00c7ay\u0131’n\u0131 ge\u00e7ince- yolun sa\u011f\u0131ndaki tepe \u00fcst\u00fcnde kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 mevcuttur. Orhan Gazi d\u00f6neminde fethedilip, stratejik nedenlerle y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[4]\u00a0<\/strong>Adranos Kalesi’nin fethinde yaz\u0131da ismi ge\u00e7enlerin g\u00f6rev ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhtelif kaynaklarda mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Purgstal, J. Von Hammer \u2013 B\u00fcy\u00fck Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi c.1 s.86<\/p>\n

Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130. Hakk\u0131 \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi c.1 s.117<\/p>\n

Yavuz, Kemal & Sara\u00e7, M.A. Yekta – A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade Osmano\u011fullar\u0131 Tarihi s.84<\/p>\n

[5]<\/strong> Charles Texier: T\u00fcrkolog. 19. yy’da b\u00f6lgede seyahat etmi\u015f olup, K\u00fctahya’ya da u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gezi an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yurt Ansiklopedisi \u2013 K\u00fctahya s.5314<\/p>\n

Kaplano\u011flu, Raif \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Kurulu\u015fu s.42<\/p>\n

Din\u00e7el, \u00d6. Faruk \u2013 Bursa Da\u011f Y\u00f6resi s.77<\/p>\n

[6]<\/strong> Meyran Da\u011f\u0131: Orhaneli-Harmanc\u0131k karayolu \u00fczerinde olup, Domani\u00e7-Dursunbey Y\u00f6r\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00fczergah\u0131 \u00fczerindedir. Bu yol \u00fczerinden Domani\u00e7 Da\u011flar\u0131 ve Dursunbey’e inen vadiler ile Uluda\u011f ve E\u011frig\u00f6z (Akrakos) Da\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Seyirlik bir tepe \u00fcst\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Dursunbey (Balat, Hadrianeia) : Bug\u00fcn Bal\u0131kesir \u0130line ba\u011fl\u0131 bir il\u00e7e olup bahis konusu isimler il\u00e7enin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemindeki ve Roma d\u00f6nemindeki isimleridir.<\/p>\n

Dursunbey Belediyesi – Ala\u00e7am Da\u011flar\u0131 ve Dursunbey s.43, 44, 46<\/p>\n

[7]<\/strong> Keles\/Belen\u00f6ren \u2013 Ak\u00e7ap\u0131nar: Roma-Bizans d\u00f6nemine ait tap\u0131nak ve kahinlik merkeziyle yerle\u015fim yerlerinin bulundu\u011fu yerdir. Buradaki eserlerin M.S. 123, 150, 368 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki depremler nedeniyle y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Dursunbey Belediyesi – Ala\u00e7am Da\u011flar\u0131 ve Dursunbey s.48<\/p>\n

Din\u00e7el, \u00d6. Faruk \u2013 Bursa Da\u011f Y\u00f6resi s.67, 69, 72, 73<\/p>\n

[8]<\/strong> Dagouta: Roma d\u00f6nemindeki Harmanc\u0131k \u0130l\u00e7esinin ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/strong> Harmanc\u0131k, Harman Kaya olabilir mi?<\/p>\n

Harmanc\u0131k \u0130l\u00e7esinin eski Harman Kaya olabilece\u011fi ile ilgili de\u011fi\u015fik kaynaklarda bilgi mevcut ise de bunun do\u011fru olamayaca\u011f\u0131, eski Harman Kaya’n\u0131n Keles \u0130l\u00e7esi Koza\u011fac\u0131 K\u00f6yleri ve Gelemi\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc kapsayan b\u00f6lgede olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekilerek olabilirli\u011fi ispatlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Koza\u011fac\u0131 K\u00f6yleri; Harmandemirci, Durak, Denizler, Sar\u0131yar, Yunuslar (Babas\u0131zlar Mahallesi), Davutlar (Kayadibi, \u00c7aylar Mahalleleri), Iss\u0131z \u00d6ren, Karaard\u0131\u00e7 K\u00f6ylerinden ibaret kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

Kaplano\u011flu ve Din\u00e7el’in Harmankaya’n\u0131n lokalizasyonun bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bursa\/Harmanc\u0131k olamayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kat\u0131l\u0131yor, Urfal\u0131’ya kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/strong> Tekfurun Harman Yeri: Etimolojik y\u00f6nden Bizans yerle\u015fim yerinin ad\u0131n\u0131n eski Rumca yerine T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olabilece\u011fi zann\u0131yla y\u00f6reli k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin, k\u00f6yleri yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki tepe \u00fcst\u00fcndeki d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u201cTekfurun harman yeri\u201d olabilece\u011finin kabul edilmesidir.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6se Mihal’in t\u00fcrbesinin oldu\u011fu iddia edilen Bilecik\/\u0130nhisar, Harmank\u00f6y’deki tepe \u00fcst\u00fcndeki geni\u015f d\u00fczl\u00fckte bulunan muazzam kayal\u0131\u011fa izafeten Harman Kaya olabilir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi k\u0131smen do\u011fru, k\u0131smen yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konu bir ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda \u201c\u0130ki Harman Kaya\u201d olarak ayr\u0131ca i\u015flenecektir.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/strong> K\u00f6se Mihal’in \u00d6l\u00fcm Yeri: K\u00f6se Mihal’in bir sava\u015ftan yaral\u0131 olarak gelip Tav\u015fanl\u0131\/Derbent K\u00f6y\u00fc arazisindeki Yan\u0131k Da\u011f\u0131 ete\u011finde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u015fehit oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in geleneksel olarak \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, y\u00f6re k\u00f6yl\u00fclerince nesilden nesile anlat\u0131lan rivayettir.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/strong> K\u00f6se Mihal’in Ak\u0131beti: Bursa’n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan fethinden (1326) sonraki ya\u015fam\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm \u015fekli ile \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer bug\u00fcne kadar yay\u0131nlanan kitap vs. yaz\u0131lara g\u00f6re s\u0131rd\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6nemi tarihindeki kara deliklerden biridir.<\/p>\n

Aslen bir Rum olan (Mihail Kosses) ve Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6neminin en \u00f6nde gelen Alplerinden olan kahraman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, di\u011fer y\u00f6relere oranla yurdumuzun izole bir y\u00f6resinde inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 delillerle \u201cK\u00f6se Mihal\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131lmas\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerin \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemle durmas\u0131 gereken bir husustur.<\/p>\n

Bursa’n\u0131n fethinden sonra Osmanl\u0131 kroniklerinde ve -di\u011fer tarih kitaplar\u0131nda- sadece Geyikli Baba, Abdal Murad, Adbal Musa hikayelerinin co\u015fkuyla dile getirilmesi, belirli bir zaman diliminde hi\u00e7bir fetih hareketinin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131, o d\u00f6nem zarf\u0131nda sadece mevcut stat\u00fckonun muhafaza edilmesinin, be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle devlet merkezinin \u0130znik’e ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131p tekrar Bursa’ya d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin sebebi ne olabilir? Kan\u0131mca Bizans’la ittifak ederek, g\u00fc\u00e7lenmekte olan Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne set \u00e7ekilmesi ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin merkezi olan Bursa’n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Germiyan Beyli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilme tehdidi nedeniyle Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n savunma ve tehditten sak\u0131nma ihtiyac\u0131 buna neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Germiyan ve Karesi Beyli\u011fi topraklar\u0131na yak\u0131n ileri karakolda g\u00f6revli, eski yurduna yak\u0131n oldu\u011fundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc y\u00f6reyi iyi tan\u0131yan, tabiri caizse fele\u011fin \u00e7emberinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir komutan olmas\u0131 ayr\u0131ca Osman ve Orhan Beylerin g\u00fcvenini kazanm\u0131\u015f bir ki\u015fi olmas\u0131, g\u00f6rev yerine geli\u015finin d\u00fc\u015fman nezdinde inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nedene ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n K\u00f6se Mihal’in g\u00f6revlendirilmesinde etkili oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyim. Aksi takdirde Bizansl\u0131lar ve Germiyanl\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131 tedbir alabilirler. K\u00f6se Mihal’in eski bir \u201cD\u00f6nme (M\u00fchtedi)\u201d olu\u015fu, hizmet etti\u011fi kap\u0131dan (Osmanl\u0131) k\u0131rg\u0131n olarak ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftur kanaatindeyim. D\u00f6nen, tekrar d\u00f6nebilir. \u201cSava\u015f hiledir\u201d mealindeki Hadis’e istinaden , K\u00f6se Mihal’in y\u00f6rede Orhan Gazi ve Harp Divan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilmesi isabetli bir se\u00e7imdir. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f tarihi, sava\u015f hileleri ile doludur. Stratejistler taraf\u0131ndan tezimin de\u011ferlendirilmesinin do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyim.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/strong> Alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131n ve kaynak ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131n sonucuna g\u00f6re; bu y\u00f6redeki Ahi, Kay\u0131l\u0131, Heterodoks I\u015f\u0131k (A\u015f\u0131k) Dervi\u015f varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00f6resel halk hikayelerindeki Dedelerin y\u00f6reyi koruma ile ilgili inan\u00e7lar\u0131 (Koru Dede, T\u00fcm T\u00fcm Dede, G\u00f6zc\u00fc Mahmut’la ilgili) savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 milis \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin var oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131m\u0131n delilleridir.<\/p>\n

Cemilo\u011flu, Mustafa \u2013 Bursa Da\u011f K\u00f6ylerinde T\u00fcrkmen K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc s.136<\/p>\n

Kaplano\u011flu, Raif \u2013 Bursa Ansiklopedisi I (Yer Adlar\u0131) s.249<\/p>\n

[14]<\/strong> Sar\u0131 Yat\u0131 (Sar\u0131 Batu): Osman Gazi’nin a\u011fabeyi olup, mezar\u0131 \u015fehit oldu\u011fu Domani\u00e7\/Karak\u00f6y’dedir.<\/p>\n

Domani\u00e7 Tarihi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Grubu – Kurulu\u015fun Topra\u011f\u0131 Domani\u00e7 s. 88, 90, 91<\/p>\n

Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130. Hakk\u0131 \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi c.1 s.107<\/p>\n

[15]<\/strong> Bizansl\u0131lar ile Germiyan Beyli\u011finin Osmanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanca tavr\u0131 var oldu\u011fu gibi, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n I. Yakup zaman\u0131nda Germiyan Beyli\u011fi ile dost g\u00f6r\u00fcnme, Germiyanl\u0131lar\u0131n menfi tav\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelme, sald\u0131rgan hareketlerini t\u0131rmand\u0131rmama siyaseti g\u00fctmeleri \u00e7ok belirgindir.<\/p>\n

Yavuz, Kemal & Sara\u00e7, M.A. Yekta – A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade Osmano\u011fullar\u0131 Tarihi s.60<\/p>\n

Varl\u0131k, M. \u00c7etin \u2013 Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131 Tarihi s.36, 43<\/p>\n

Divit\u00e7io\u011flu, Sencer \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011finin Kurulu\u015fu s.75, 76<\/p>\n

Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130. Hakk\u0131 \u2013 K\u00fctahya \u015eehri s.42<\/p>\n

[16]<\/strong> a)<\/strong> Mihail O\u011fullar\u0131 neslinden Mahmut Rag\u0131p Gazimihal’in aradan ge\u00e7en y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l sonra dahi atalar\u0131 olan K\u00f6se Mihal’in Osmanl\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilerinin bozulmas\u0131 sonucu, Osman Bey taraf\u0131ndan verilen (Temlik edilen) topraklardan ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kal\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine inand\u0131klar\u0131 kanaatindeyim. Kanaatime g\u00f6re K\u00f6se Mihal, gizli g\u00f6revli olarak Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Germiyan-Karesi ucuna g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130leriki y\u0131llardaki geli\u015fmeler de bunu do\u011frular mahiyettedir. Ancak \u00c7elebi Mehmet D\u00f6neminde Mihailo\u011flu Mehmet Bey, \u00c7elebi Mehmet’in taht kavgalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka karde\u015fini desteklemesi nedeniyle tutuklan\u0131p Tokat Hapishanesine konulmu\u015f, atalar\u0131ndan intikal eden Sakarya \u00f6tesindeki Yeni Harman Kaya’daki topraklar\u0131 elinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. II. Murat D\u00f6neminde ise ba\u015f g\u00f6steren isyan\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Mihailo\u011flu Mehmet Bey’e ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmu\u015f, Tokat Hapishanesinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak Bursa’ya getirilmi\u015ftir. Kendine verilen g\u00f6revi Bursa\/Ulubat’ta yerine getiren Mihailo\u011flu Mehmet Bey’in, s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde II. Murat taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nl\u00fc al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki ma\u011fduriyeti giderilmi\u015f, topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 iade edilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra Mehmet Bey Yeni Harman Kaya’da bir\u00e7ok m\u00fclk sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gazimihal, M. Rag\u0131p – Uluda\u011f (Bursa Halkevi Dergisi) Temmuz, A\u011fustos, Eyl\u00fcl, Ekim 1945; Say\u0131 72-73 s.1, 2, 3, 4<\/p>\n

Berkan, \u00d6. L\u00fctfi & Meri\u00e7li, Enver \u2013 H\u00fcd\u00e2vendig\u00e2r Livas\u0131 Tahrir Defteri I s.306, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317<\/p>\n

Arslan, H. \u00c7etin \u2013 T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131nc\u0131 Beyleri ve Balkanlar\u0131n \u0130mar\u0131na Katk\u0131lar\u0131 s.54<\/p>\n

[16]<\/strong> b)<\/strong> A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade Kroni\u011fi: Yah\u015fi Fakih taraf\u0131ndan Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra (1402) kaleme al\u0131nan kronik ile 1421 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra kaleme al\u0131nan bir ba\u015fka kronikten yararlan\u0131larak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade’ye g\u00f6re ise; okudu\u011fu, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dinlediklerinden yaralanarak yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mihailo\u011flu Mehmet Bey Tokat’tan Bursa’ya gelirken, yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 ve dostu A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade’yi de birlikte getirmi\u015ftir. A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade de II. Murat’\u0131n yak\u0131n hizmetine girmi\u015f, sava\u015flara dahi kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kronikte -tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan genel olarak kabul g\u00f6ren bir kronik ise de- zaman zaman s\u00fcbjektif davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. S\u00fcbjektif davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 konulardan birisinin, K\u00f6se Mihal ve Mihailo\u011fullar\u0131 ile ilgili hususlar oldu\u011fu -abart\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu- d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Ben de ayn\u0131 kanaatteyim. A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade kroni\u011finde Osman Gazi ve Orhan Gazi d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olaylar ve fetihler yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde; K\u00f6se Mihal’e m\u00fclk olarak verilen Sakarya \u00f6tesindeki Harmank\u00f6y, Akk\u00f6y ile Sorgun’un ne zaman ve nas\u0131l fethedildi\u011fine dair hi\u00e7bir bulguya rastlamad\u0131m. Di\u011fer kaynaklarda da bu konuda bilgi yoktur. \u0130lk Sakarya \u00f6tesine yap\u0131lan talan ak\u0131n\u0131nda Osman Bey ve K\u00f6se Mihal Sakarya Nehri’nin ge\u00e7it veren yerini yak\u0131ndaki Be\u015fta\u015f Zaviyesi’nin \u015feyhinden \u00f6\u011freniyor, nehrin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7tiklerinde orada bekleyen Samsa \u00c7avu\u015f kendilerine rehberlik ediyor. 17 y\u0131l sonraki ikinci Sakarya \u00f6tesi harekat \u00f6ncesinde Osman Bey taraf\u0131ndan K\u00f6se Mihal’e (Harmank\u00f6y, Sorgun, Akk\u00f6y) vilayet olarak verildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde vilayetinin vurulaca\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor. K\u00f6se Mihal \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131nca, \u0130slamiyet’i kabul edip Osman Bey ile birlikte sava\u015fa kat\u0131l\u0131yor. A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade’nin K\u00f6se Mihal’e vilayet verilmesi s\u00fcrecini bilmemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Yah\u015fi Fakih, \u015eeyh Edebali’nin o\u011flu \u015eeyh Mahmut Pa\u015fa ve Mihailo\u011flu Mehmet Bey gibi bilgi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filerin bu bilgilere vak\u0131f oldu\u011fu kesindir. Belli ki Mihailo\u011flu Mehmet Bey’in -o anki \u015fartlar nedeniyle- iste\u011fi do\u011frultusunda bug\u00fcn bilemedi\u011fimiz bir nedenle kronikte yer almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benim kanaatim, K\u00f6se Mihal’in gizli g\u00f6revli olarak Orhan Bey taraf\u0131ndan Germiyan-Karesi Ucuna g\u00f6nderilmesi ve g\u00f6revinin gizli olmas\u0131 sebebiyle gidi\u015f sebebi olarak kamuoyuna verilen \u201cKap\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 kap\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u201d mesaj\u0131n\u0131n inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fal olarak bu menfi imaj, Mihailo\u011fullar\u0131’n\u0131 rencide etmektedir. Halbuki devlet y\u00f6netimindekiler b\u00f6yle kabul etmi\u015f olsayd\u0131, Mihailo\u011fullar\u0131 nesiller boyu Osmanl\u0131’ya hizmet ettirilmezlerdi.<\/p>\n

Yavuz, Kemal & Sara\u00e7, M.A. Yekta – A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade Osmano\u011fullar\u0131 Tarihi s.75, 78<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel, Oktay & \u00d6z, Mehmet – S\u00f6\u011f\u00fctten \u0130stanbul’a s. 120, 121, 122, 126, 127, 342, 384<\/p>\n

[17]<\/strong> Softal\u0131lar, Hac\u0131 Softal\u0131, Softao\u011fullar\u0131: Osmano\u011fullar\u0131 gibi Kareke\u00e7ililer’in Softal\u0131 kolundan olan Derbent K\u00f6yl\u00fc geni\u015f bir s\u00fclaledir.<\/p>\n

Bal\u0131o\u011fullar\u0131, Bal\u0131lar: Derbent K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde geni\u015f bir s\u00fclaledir. Derbent ve Merkezyenik\u00f6y’de Bal\u0131 isimli \u015fah\u0131slar ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Yak\u0131n \u00e7evrede Ball\u0131saray ve Dedeb\u00e2li K\u00f6y\u00fc bulunur. B\u00e2li ismi Edeb\u00e2li ve Ahili\u011fi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

I\u015f\u0131k \u00c7am\u0131: Merkezyenik\u00f6y mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerdir. \u00c7evre k\u00f6yler taraf\u0131ndan da bilinen bir mevkiidir. Heterodoks I\u015f\u0131k(A\u015f\u0131k) dervi\u015flerin Merkezyenik\u00f6y’deki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlar.<\/p>\n

Dervi\u015f P\u0131nar\u0131: Merkezyenik\u00f6y hududu i\u00e7inde olup, Derbent K\u00f6y\u00fc hududuna ve K\u00f6se Mihal T\u00fcrbesine yak\u0131n bir \u00e7e\u015fmedir. Bu \u00e7evredeki dervi\u015flerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Okyay, R\u0131fat \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Kurulu\u015fu s.16<\/p>\n

\u00c7etin, Osman \u2013 Sicillere G\u00f6re Bursa’da \u0130htida Hareketleri ve Sosyal Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 s.22<\/p>\n

Kaplano\u011flu, Raif \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Kurulu\u015fu s.146<\/p>\n

Kaplano\u011flu, Raif \u2013 Bursa Ansiklopedisi I (Yer Adlar\u0131) s.175, 249<\/p>\n

Domani\u00e7 Tarihi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Grubu – Kurulu\u015fun Topra\u011f\u0131 Domani\u00e7 s.32<\/p>\n

[18]<\/strong> Kharman Kata (Eski Harman Kaya): Hammer’e g\u00f6re Uluda\u011f’\u0131n g\u00fcney ete\u011findeki tekfurluk merkezidir. K\u00f6se Mihal’in eski yurdudur. Harman Kaya 700-800 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Bizans D\u00f6neminde kullan\u0131lan bir add\u0131r. Do\u011fal olarak, o g\u00fcn kullan\u0131lan dilin Rumca (Yunanca) olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi noktas\u0131ndan hareketle, kelimenin etimolojik (Soy k\u00f6keni) ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na gidilmi\u015ftir. \u015e\u00fcphesiz etimoloji bir bilimdir. Konunun uzmanlar\u0131nca ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirse de; ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmak, entelekt\u00fcel birikimi olan ki\u015filerin de g\u00f6revidir. Bu sorumluluk duygusuyla \u201cSon s\u00f6z etimologlar\u0131nd\u0131r\u201d diyerek Harman Kaya ismini analiz edelim. [Harita:3]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Harman Kaya bahsi ge\u00e7en iki kaynakta \u201cChirmen Kia\u201d ve \u201cHirmen Kata\u201d tabirleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m. Etimolojik s\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201cX (Khi)\u201d harfinin; Eski Yunanca \u201cKh\u201d ,Latince \u201cCh\u201d ve Yunanca \u201cH\u201d olarak kabul edildi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. \u00d6rne\u011fin; \u201cH\u0131ristiyan\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Yeni Yunanca \u201cHristos\u201d kelimesi Eski Yunanca \u201cKhristos\u201d kelimesiyle e\u015ftir. Latince ve \u0130ngilizce’de \u201cChrist\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u201cHarman\u201d olarak telaffuz edilen kelimenin 700-800 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde orijinalinin \u201cKharman\u201d oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve \u201cKarman\u201d veya \u201cHarman\u201d diye T\u00fcrk\u00e7e telaffuz edilebilir.<\/p>\n

Karma\/Kharma, Kar\/Khar: \u201cKar\u201d \u201cda\u011f, doruk\u201d anlam\u0131na, \u201cKarman\u201d \u0131n da \u201cDa\u011f halk\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na gelebilece\u011fi Umar taraf\u0131ndan bildirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’de \u201cKaymak\u201d kelimesinin 1000 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKadhmak\u201d (bence Kathmak) oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Eski Yunanca bir kelime olan \u201cKata\u201d kelimesi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan 800 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki bir T\u00fcrkmen’in bu kelimeyi \u201cKata\u201d veya \u201cKaya\u201d diye anlamas\u0131 gayet do\u011fald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cKata\u201d Eski Yunanca \u201cAlt, Altta, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u201d veya \u201cEtek\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u201cKarman Kata (Harman Kaya)\u201d ; \u201cEtekteki (Alttaki) da\u011f halk\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na gelebilir. B\u00f6ylece Hammer’in Uluda\u011f’\u0131n ete\u011finde, Adranos’un (Orhaneli) do\u011fusunda m\u00fcstahkem mevkii diye tarif etti\u011fi yer Keles\/Koza\u011fac\u0131 K\u00f6yleri ile Gelemi\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fc’n\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu mevkiidir. Koza\u011fac\u0131 K\u00f6ylerinden birinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 Harmandemirci’dir. Harmanc\u0131k \u0130l\u00e7esi ise bu tarife uymaz. Harmanc\u0131k \u0130l\u00e7esi bahis konusu mevkie g\u00f6re; Uluda\u011f’\u0131n uza\u011f\u0131nda, Adranos’un (Orhaneli) g\u00fcney-do\u011fusundad\u0131r. Uluda\u011f’\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde \u00e7e\u015fitli vesilelerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m gezilerde Hammer’in tarifine uyan Keles\/Koza\u011fac\u0131 K\u00f6yleri ve Gelemi\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fc’nden ba\u015fka bir yer yoktur. [Harita:2-4]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"

Harita 2: Osman Bey Zaman\u0131 (1299 \u2013 1323)<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"

Harita 4: Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Yaz\u0131lar\u0131na Konu Olan Bursa ve K\u00fctahya \u0130li<\/p><\/div>\n

Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130. Hakk\u0131 \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi c.1 s. (Harita:2 Osman Bey zaman\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u0131sto\u0131re \u00dcniversitesi Tarih Kurumu \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi s.43<\/p>\n

Kaplano\u011flu, Raif \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Kurulu\u015fu s.104<\/p>\n

Ni\u015fanyan, Seven \u2013 S\u00f6zlerin Soya\u011fac\u0131 (\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’nin Etimolojik S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) s.xvii, 220, 222<\/p>\n

Umar, Bilge \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye’deki Tarihsel Adlar s.379, 392<\/p>\n

[19]<\/strong> Kalfa (Kalauwa): \u201cKala\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, Luwi\/Pelasgos dilinde \u201cK\u0131y\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na gelebilece\u011fi, \u201c-uwa\u201d tak\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Luwi dilinde \u201c-l\u0131k\u201d tak\u0131s\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelebilece\u011fi, \u201cKalauwa\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cKalfa\u201d y\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi; Kalfa’n\u0131n \u201cKalamisyal\u0131\u201d (Misya’n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan) olabilece\u011fi, yani Keles\/Gelemi\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fc’n\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Abartma bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse bile, bu y\u00f6renin me\u015fhur t\u00fcrk\u00fclerinde \u2013bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olabilecek Misya Devleti olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde- \u201cK\u0131y\u0131dan, k\u0131y\u0131dan\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin ge\u00e7mesinin tesad\u00fcf olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Takdiri uzman ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lara b\u0131rak\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Umar, Bilge \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye’deki Tarihsel Adlar s.361, 813<\/p>\n

[20]<\/strong> K\u00f6se Mihal ve Osman Gazinin yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri: Yerli ve yabanc\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerinin genelde ittifak ettikleri husus, Osman Beyin Rum kom\u015fulara g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi m\u00fcd\u00e2ra dostluk (Politik y\u00fcze g\u00fclme) ve K\u00f6se Mihal ile dostlu\u011fu ve arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Kan\u0131mca yak\u0131n dostluk ve arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tesisi, yak\u0131n kom\u015fuluk ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Bizans’\u0131n en zay\u0131f d\u00f6neminde, Bizans’\u0131n periferinde T\u00fcrk tehlikesi ile ba\u015f ba\u015fa kalan ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir tekfurun yapaca\u011f\u0131 i\u015f, T\u00fcrkler ile dostluk kurmakt\u0131r. Bilecik Tekfuru da ayn\u0131 sebeplerle Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131na tabi olsa da \u00e7evre tekfurlarla ili\u015fkilerini koparmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uluda\u011f’\u0131n ard\u0131nda (G\u00fcneyinde) bulunan K\u00f6se Mihal’in \u00f6nce en yak\u0131n tehlike te\u015fkil eden Osman Beyle ittifak edip, \u015fartlar el verirse Bizans’a en yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye atlayarak g\u00fcvenli bir yurt edinmesi gerekir. En uygun atlama yeri, Sel\u00e7uklu’yu metbu kabul eden Bilecik Tekfurlu\u011funun topraklar\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Bilecik yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki S\u00f6\u011f\u00fctte k\u0131\u015fla\u011f\u0131 olan Osman Beye hem yak\u0131n olabilecek, hem de onun deste\u011fini alabilecektir. K\u00f6se Mihal’in yapaca\u011f\u0131 i\u015f sadece Bilecik Tekfurunu ku\u015fkuland\u0131rmamak, Osman Beye yard\u0131m etmek, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeni toprak sahibi olmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eski Harman Kaya’n\u0131n Domani\u00e7 Yaylalar\u0131na Uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131: 8.2.2004 tarihinde Keles\/Iss\u0131z\u00f6ren K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde k\u00f6yl\u00fclerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede; k\u00f6ylerinden yaya ve binekli olarak- Orhaneli, Tav\u015fanl\u0131, \u0130neg\u00f6l \u0130l\u00e7elerine sekiz saatte, Bursa’ya on sekiz saatte ula\u015f\u0131rken, Domani\u00e7 Yaylalar\u0131na (Bilelik Yaylas\u0131) \u00fc\u00e7-d\u00f6rt saatte ula\u015fabildiklerini bildirmi\u015flerdir. K\u00f6se Mihal’in y\u0131l\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Bilelik Yaylas\u0131nda ge\u00e7iren Osman Beye uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bu\u00e7uk-d\u00f6rt saat s\u00fcren at yolculu\u011fu kadard\u0131r. K\u00f6se Mihal’in eski yurdu olan Harman Kaya ile Osman Beyin yaylas\u0131 birbirine s\u0131n\u0131r topraklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yavuz, Kemal & Sara\u00e7, M.A. Yekta – A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade Osmano\u011fullar\u0131 Tarihi s.66, 331<\/p>\n

[21]<\/strong> Dursunbey arazisinin da\u011fl\u0131k ve ormanl\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131 Milli Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda da savunma ve gizlenme amac\u0131yla yerel \u00e7eteler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dursunbey \u0130l\u00e7esine ad\u0131n\u0131 veren Emir Dursun’un, Orhan Beyin korumas\u0131 alt\u0131na girmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda ve Karesi’nin fethi \u00f6ncesi \u015fartlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda Uluda\u011f’\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Germiyan-Karesi Ucu karargah\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyim. Askeri y\u00f6nden u\u00e7taki bu yerin topografik durumu en uygun yerdir. Bu yer, Milli Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda da \u00e7ete faaliyetlerine uygunlu\u011funu ispatlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karesi’nin fethinin Dursunbey \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi, baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan z\u0131mni olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir diyebiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131 aksini yazm\u0131\u015f olsa da Hammer’e g\u00f6re \u00f6nce Karesi fethedilmi\u015f, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte Kirmast\u0131 (Mustafakemalpa\u015fa), Mihal\u0131\u00e7 (Karacabey) ve Ulubat fethedilmi\u015ftir. Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131na g\u00f6re; s\u00fcrpriz sald\u0131r\u0131lar, beklenmedik yerden sald\u0131r\u0131lar sonu\u00e7 getirir. \u201cDoludan ka\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, bo\u015fluktan vurulur-Sun Tzu\u201d.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclensoy, Tuncer \u2013 K\u00fctahya Y\u00f6resi ve A\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 s.237, 240, 241<\/p>\n

Purgstal, J. Von Hammer \u2013 B\u00fcy\u00fck Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi c.1 s.114<\/p>\n

[22]<\/strong> M.S. 1259-1282 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bizans \u0130mparatoru Mikhail Palaiogolos’tur. Bu d\u00f6nemde Sakarya Nehri, Bizans ile T\u00fcrk Beyleri aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131r. Bizans \u0130mparatoru, T\u00fcrkmenlerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131ra yak\u0131n kaleleri onartm\u0131\u015f ve nehir boyunca kaz\u0131klar diktirmi\u015ftir. Bundan ba\u015fka T\u00fcrk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kom\u015fu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan vergiden muaf \u00e7ift\u00e7iler (Akritai) yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi korurlarken, Bizans \u0130mparatoru buradaki \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri vergiye ba\u011flay\u0131nca ayaklanma \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, Bizans aleyhine geli\u015fen bu durum T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan kendi lehlerine kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osman Bey ve K\u00f6se Mihal tan\u0131mad\u0131klar\u0131 Sakarya \u00f6tesindeki Bizans b\u00f6lgesine birinci talan ak\u0131n\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorlar. Be\u015fta\u015f \u015eeyhinin yard\u0131m ve duas\u0131yla Sakarya’n\u0131n ge\u00e7it veren yerinden ge\u00e7ip, \u00f6nceden haberle\u015ftikleri Samsa \u00c7avu\u015fun rehberli\u011finde talan ak\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yorlar. Bu talan ak\u0131n\u0131, Bilecik Tekfurunu ve \u00e7evredeki di\u011fer tekfurlar\u0131 \u00e7ok tedirgin etti\u011finden \u2013ayr\u0131ca Bilecik Tekfuru ile Osman Bey aras\u0131ndaki gerilim de eklenince- Osman Bey Bilecik Tekfuru taraf\u0131ndan azarlan\u0131yor, Osman Bey \u00f6z\u00fcr dileyip Bilecik Tekfurunun elini \u00f6pmek zorunda kal\u0131yor. Osman Bey bu durumdan \u00e7ok rencide oluyor. Bu duygu Bilecik Tekfuruna kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7mek \u00f6fkesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Bu d\u00f6nemde K\u00f6se Mihal’in de Bilecik Tekfuruna tabi olarak tekfurun topraklar\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Osman Bey de yak\u0131ndaki S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct topraklar\u0131nda (K\u0131\u015flakta) Bilecik Tekfuruna tabidir. Osman Beyin \u00f6fkeli ve sald\u0131rgan yap\u0131s\u0131, kay\u0131npederi olan \u015eeyh Edeb\u00e2li ve Ahi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi, tarih\u00e7ilerin kabul etti\u011fi genel kan\u0131d\u0131r. Okyay ve Hammer’e g\u00f6re yedi y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle, birinci talan ak\u0131n\u0131ndan sonra Osman Beyin istirahat etti\u011fi veya hi\u00e7bir eyleme giri\u015fmedi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n

Osman Bey, yedi y\u0131l s\u00fcreli e\u011fitim sonunda \u00f6nceki halinden bamba\u015fka bir ki\u015filik haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Stratejik hedefleri olan, planl\u0131 hareket eden, \u201cSava\u015f hiledir\u201d mealindeki hadise g\u00f6re hareket eden m\u00fckemmel bir devlet adam\u0131 olur. Gibbons’un tabiriyle \u201cOsman’a faik (\u00fcst\u00fcn) olanlar bile mahiyetinde seve seve hizmet ederler\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mantran, Robert \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi I s. 18, 20<\/p>\n

Levtchenko, M.V. \u2013 Kurulu\u015fundan Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na Kadar Bizans Tarihi s.242, 243<\/p>\n

Ayd\u0131n, Erdo\u011fan \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Ger\u00e7e\u011fi s.77, 78<\/p>\n

Okyay, R\u0131fat \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Kurulu\u015fu s.26, 36<\/p>\n

Purgstal, J. Von Hammer \u2013 B\u00fcy\u00fck Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi c.1 s.73<\/p>\n

Gibbons, H. Adams \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun Kurulu\u015fu s.43<\/p>\n

[23]<\/strong> Alethina: Bizans \u0130mparatoru Alexios Kommenos’un (M.S. 1078-1118) bir seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, bahis konusu g\u00fczergah\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bu g\u00fczergah; \u0130znik, Malagina, Oylat, Kurluk, Zindanc\u0131k, Domani\u00e7 Da\u011f\u0131 (Doruk ge\u00e7ilince sa\u011fda Bilelik Yaylas\u0131 bulunur), E\u011fridere, Ortaca, Kozluca, F\u0131ranlar Ba\u015f\u0131-Ayg\u0131rlar, Orinas Hisar\u0131 (Oyna\u015f Hisar, Saruhanlar K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde), Ta\u015f k\u00f6pr\u00fc, B\u00f6\u00e7en, Bozbelen, Derbent arazisi, Alethina’dan (\u0130let, Demirbilek K\u00f6y\u00fc), Akrakos (E\u011frig\u00f6z, Emet \u0130l\u00e7esi) yoludur.<\/p>\n

Askeri tabirle cebri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fle \u0130znik’ten Akrakos’a (Emet’e) intikalin en kestirme yolu buras\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yol Domani\u00e7’e ba\u011fl\u0131 Saruhanlar ve \u00e7evresindeki k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin \u0130neg\u00f6l’e -yaya veya binekli olarak- gitmek i\u00e7in de yak\u0131n zamanlara kadar kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ise Kay\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00f6r\u00fcklerin S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct ile Domani\u00e7 Yaylalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bir yoldur.<\/p>\n

Bilge Umar taraf\u0131ndan tahmin edilse de, net olarak lokalize edilemeyen Alethina, Cumhuriyet D\u00f6neminde ismi de\u011fi\u015ftirilen \u0130let (Tav\u015fanl\u0131\/Demirbilek K\u00f6y\u00fc) K\u00f6y\u00fc’nden ad\u0131n\u0131 almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6rg\u00fc\u00e7, Karakaya, Bozbelen gibi \u00e7evre k\u00f6yler k\u0131rk-elli y\u0131l \u00f6ncelerine kadar \u2013yaya veya binekli olarak- Tav\u015fanl\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7esine ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in Derbent K\u00f6y arazisinin \u00c7\u00f6tmekli (T\u00fcm T\u00fcm Dedenin oldu\u011fu yer), Ba\u015falan s\u0131rtlar\u0131, \u0130let asarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bat\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00c7akmak, E\u015fim Alan\u0131 mevkiinden Sorkun Bo\u011faz\u0131na ge\u00e7erlerdi. \u015eimdi kullan\u0131lmayan bu yolun kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, Derbent\/Ba\u015falan s\u0131rtlar\u0131nda, orman i\u00e7inde bulunmaktad\u0131r. [Harita:1]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kommena, Anna \u2013 Alexiad (Malazgirt’in Sonras\u0131) s.460, 461<\/p>\n

Aydo\u011fdu, Recep \u2013 Bursa’ya Kom\u015fu K\u00fctahya \u0130li-Tav\u015fanl\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7esine Ba\u011fl\u0131 Bir B\u00f6l\u00fcm K\u00f6y ve Beldelerin Tarihi, Sosyal ve \u0130ktisadi Y\u00f6nden Yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve S\u00f6zl\u00fc Kaynaklardan \u0130ncelenmesi s.2, 3<\/p>\n

[24]<\/strong> Yeni Harman Kaya: Ad\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olup, Osman Bey taraf\u0131ndan hizmeti kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00f6se Mihal’e temlik edilen (verilen) yerler olup ekteki Osman Bey zaman\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 Devleti haritas\u0131ndaki Sakarya \u00f6tesinde Akk\u00f6y ve Sorgun’un bulundu\u011fu yere tekab\u00fcl eder. Bu haritada Adranos’un do\u011fusunda, Adranos Suyu kenar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen Harman Kaya ise eski Harman Kaya (Kharman Kata)’d\u0131r. [Harita:3]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130. Hakk\u0131 \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi c.1 s. (Harita:2 Osman Bey zaman\u0131 1299-1323)<\/strong><\/p>\n

[25]<\/strong> K\u0131z\u0131l Ta\u015f, Kuru Duvarlar: Bursa-\u0130zmir kervan yolunun kenar\u0131nda ve K\u00f6se Mihal t\u00fcrbesi yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Kuyu Alt\u0131 mevkiindeki eski Tav\u015fanl\u0131\/Derbent K\u00f6y\u00fc hane duvar\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Aydo\u011fdu, Recep \u2013 Bursa’ya Kom\u015fu K\u00fctahya \u0130li-Tav\u015fanl\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7esine Ba\u011fl\u0131 Bir B\u00f6l\u00fcm K\u00f6y ve Beldelerin Tarihi, Sosyal ve \u0130ktisadi Y\u00f6nden Yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve S\u00f6zl\u00fc Kaynaklardan \u0130ncelenmesi s. 4<\/p>\n

[26-27]<\/strong> Tav\u015fanl\u0131\/Derbent K\u00f6y\u00fc, Uzun Dere yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Kuyu Alt\u0131 mevkiinde, eski Nusratlar K\u00f6y\u00fc-Harmanc\u0131k yolu kenar\u0131nda Derbent K\u00f6yl\u00fcleri taraf\u0131ndan Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6nemine ait, subaylar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, Alman mal\u0131 oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen toplu tabanca ile k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Co\u015fgun, Fevzi \u2013 Tav\u015fanl\u0131’da Zaman s.64<\/p>\n

[28]<\/strong> Tav\u015fanl\u0131\/Derbent K\u00f6yl\u00fc Bulmanlar\u0131n Ey\u00fcp (\u015eahin) ya\u015fl\u0131yken dahi, iyi bir avc\u0131 olup, \u00e7ok iyi silah kullan\u0131rd\u0131. Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan, boynuna k\u0131zg\u0131n sacaya\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irilerek i\u015fkence yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bizzat kendinden dinledim. Yara izlerini bu s\u0131rada g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

Co\u015fgun, Fevzi \u2013 Tav\u015fanl\u0131’da Zaman s.68<\/p>\n

Din\u00e7el, \u00d6. Faruk \u2013 Y\u00f6r\u00fck ve T\u00fcrkmen Diyar\u0131-Bursa Da\u011f Y\u00f6resi s.121<\/p>\n

[29]<\/strong> \u00c7ocuklu\u011fum bu hikayeleri dinleyerek ge\u00e7ti. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m radyo program\u0131nda da anlatt\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u015fgun, Fevzi \u2013 Tav\u015fanl\u0131’da Zaman s.67, 68<\/p>\n

Din\u00e7el, \u00d6. Faruk \u2013 Y\u00f6r\u00fck ve T\u00fcrkmen Diyar\u0131-Bursa Da\u011f Y\u00f6resi s.126<\/p>\n

[30]<\/strong> Foto\u011fraf i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u015fgun, Fevzi \u2013 Tav\u015fanl\u0131’da Zaman s.69, 70<\/p>\n

[31-32-33]<\/strong> Bursa\/Keles \u0130l\u00e7esi ve k\u00f6ylerinde ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n bu eski yol ile ilgili ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya duydu\u011fu an\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu yol g\u00fczergah\u0131n\u0131 Bursa’ya seyahatlerinde kullananlerdan biri de dedemdir. Bu yol, Tebriz (\u0130ran) \u2013 Bursa \u2013 \u0130zmir \u2013 \u0130talya \u0130pekyolunun Bursa-\u0130zmir aya\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Halil \u0130nalc\u0131k bu yolu anayollar kategorisine koymu\u015ftur. \u0130stanbul’un fethinden (1453) y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonraya kadar Bursa, Anadolu’nun en \u00f6nemli ticaret merkezi olmaya devam etmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 yol kullan\u0131larak k\u0131rk y\u0131l \u00f6nceye kadar develerle, Menemen-\u0130zmir civar\u0131ndan tuz ve kil ta\u015f\u0131narak y\u00f6rede sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu yol; Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6neminde Emet, Tav\u015fanl\u0131, Harmanc\u0131k, Orhaneli ve Keles’i Bursa’ya ba\u011flayan en \u00f6nemli yaya ve binek yoludur. Genelde konak yeri olarak; Mente\u015fe Han\u0131, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kovac\u0131k, Ba\u011fl\u0131 Han\u0131 ve Elma \u00c7ukuru kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yolcular yol g\u00fczergah\u0131 \u00fczerindeki ahbaplar\u0131n\u0131n evlerinde de konaklayabilirlerdi.<\/p>\n

K\u00fctahya Livas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 di\u011fer \u015eap\u00e7\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc’nden ay\u0131rabilmek amac\u0131yla bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc Tav\u015fanl\u0131\/\u015eap\u00e7\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda K\u00f6pr\u00fcc\u00fck \u015eaphanesi olarak kaydedilmi\u015ftir. Bu k\u00f6y yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Tav\u015fanl\u0131\/K\u00f6pr\u00fcc\u00fck K\u00f6y\u00fc (\u015eaphane K\u00f6pr\u00fcc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc), Germiyan Beyli\u011fi zaman\u0131nda E\u011frig\u00f6z’e (Emet \u0130l\u00e7esi) ba\u011fl\u0131, kurulu\u015fu \u00e7ok eski bir k\u00f6yd\u00fcr. Germiyan Beyli\u011fi topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u015fap madeni yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ihra\u00e7 edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nalc\u0131k, Halil \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Klasik \u00c7a\u011f (1300-1600) s.128, 129, 130, 131<\/p>\n

Arslan, H. \u00c7etin \u2013 T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131nc\u0131 Beyleri ve Balkanlar\u0131n \u0130mar\u0131na Katk\u0131lar\u0131 s.28<\/p>\n

T.C. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u2013 438 Numaral\u0131 Muhasebe-i Vilayet-i Anadolu Defteri (937 \/ 1530) s.42, 46<\/p>\n

Varl\u0131k, M. \u00c7etin \u2013 Germiyan-O\u011fullar\u0131 Tarihi s.105, 120<\/p>\n

[34]<\/strong> Delikta\u015f: Tav\u015fanl\u0131-Merkezyenik\u00f6y aras\u0131nda Frigya D\u00f6nemi kaya mezar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gelinta\u015f\u0131: Tav\u015fanl\u0131-Merkezyenik\u00f6y aras\u0131nda ta\u015f olu\u015fumdur.<\/p>\n

Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130. Hakk\u0131 \u2013 K\u00fctahya \u015eehri s.6<\/p>\n

Cemilo\u011flu, Mustafa \u2013 Bursa Da\u011f K\u00f6ylerinde T\u00fcrkmen K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc s.264<\/p>\n

[35]<\/strong> Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit’in tav\u015fan av\u0131.<\/p>\n

Co\u015fgun, Fevzi \u2013 Tav\u015fanl\u0131’da Zaman s.59<\/p>\n

[36]<\/strong> Bak\u0131n\u0131z. Varl\u0131k, M. \u00c7etin \u2013 Germiyan-O\u011fullar\u0131 Tarihi s.57<\/p>\n

[37]<\/strong> Somuncu Baba (Ekmek\u00e7i Dede): Ekmek\u00e7i Koca. As\u0131l ad\u0131 \u015eeyh Hamid-i Veli’dir.<\/p>\n

Burdef Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 \u2013 Bursa Ansiklopedisi c.4 s.1512<\/p>\n

[38]<\/strong> Evliya \u00c7elebi: Aslen K\u00fctahyal\u0131 olup, Seyahatnamesi’nin muhtelif yerlerinde bu hususu zikretti\u011fi bildirilmektedir. Hac yolculu\u011fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda Tav\u015fanl\u0131’dan ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130. Hakk\u0131 \u2013 K\u00fctahya \u015eehri s.229<\/p>\n

[39]<\/strong> Bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Co\u015fgun, Fevzi \u2013 Tav\u015fanl\u0131’da Zaman s.60<\/p>\n

[40]<\/strong> Bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Yavuz, Kemal & Sara\u00e7, M.A. Yekta – A\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fazade Osmano\u011fullar\u0131 Tarihi s.117,118, 119, 120<\/p>\n

[41]<\/strong> S\u00fcleyman \u015eah: Germiyan Beyidir. Germiyan ba\u015f \u015fehri K\u00fctahya’y\u0131; Emet, Simav, Tav\u015fanl\u0131 il\u00e7eleri ile birlikte Osmanl\u0131lara k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7eyizi olarak verip kendisi Kula’ya \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Varl\u0131k, M. \u00c7etin \u2013 Germiyan-O\u011fullar\u0131 Tarihi s.65<\/p>\n


\nKaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaplano\u011flu, Raif. (2000) Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Kurulu\u015fu , S:42, 104, 146, 162 – \u0130stanbul: Avrasya Etnografya Vakf\u0131<\/p>\n

Kaplano\u011flu, Raif. (2001) Bursa Ansiklopedisi I (Yer Adlar\u0131) , S:175, 249 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: Avrasya Etnografya Vakf\u0131<\/p>\n

Purgstal, J. Von Hammer. B\u00fcy\u00fck Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi, Cilt 1, S:73, 86, 114 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: Hikmet Ne\u015friyat Ltd. \u015eti.<\/p>\n

Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131. (1994) Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi, Cilt 1, S:107, 117, Harita:2 \u2013 Ankara: T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Bas\u0131mevi<\/p>\n

Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131. (1932) K\u00fctahya \u015eehri , S:6, 42, 229 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: Devlet Matbaas\u0131<\/p>\n

Yavuz, Kemal & Sara\u00e7, M.A. Yekta. (2003) A\u015f\u0131k Pa\u015fazade Osmano\u011fullar\u0131’n\u0131n Tarihi , S:75, 78, 80, 84, 117, 118, 119, 120 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: K Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n

Din\u00e7el, \u00d6mer Faruk. (2003) Bursa Da\u011f Y\u00f6resi , S:67, 69, 72, 73, 77, 121, 126 \u2013 Bursa: Da\u011f-Der<\/p>\n

(1981) Yurt Ansiklopedisi K\u00fctahya, S:5314, \u0130stanbul: Anadolu Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k A.\u015e.<\/p>\n

Dursunbey Belediyesi. (2003) Ala\u00e7am Da\u011flar\u0131 ve Dursunbey I. Ulusal Sempozyumu , S:43, 44, 46, 48 \u2013 Bal\u0131kesir: Dursunbey Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n

Cemilo\u011flu, Mustafa. (2002) Bursa Da\u011f K\u00f6ylerinde T\u00fcrkmen K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc , S:136, 264 \u2013 Bursa: Uluda\u011f \u00dcniversitesi Bas\u0131mevi<\/p>\n

Domani\u00e7 Tarihi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Grubu. (2003) Kurulu\u015fun Topra\u011f\u0131 Domani\u00e7 , S:32, 89, 90, 91 \u2013 K\u00fctahya\/Tav\u015fanl\u0131: Tav\u015fanl\u0131’n\u0131n Sesi Gazetesi<\/p>\n

Varl\u0131k, Mustafa \u00c7etin. (1974) Germiyan-O\u011fullar\u0131 Tarihi , S:36, 43, 57, 65, 105, 120 \u2013 Ankara: Ankara \u00dcniversitesi<\/p>\n

Divit\u00e7io\u011flu, Sencer. (1996) Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011finin Kurulu\u015fu, S: 75, 76 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: Eren Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n

Gazimihal, Mahmut Rag\u0131p. (1945) Uluda\u011f Bursa Halkevi Dergisi, Say\u0131 72,73 , S:1, 2, 3, 4 – Bursa<\/p>\n

Barkan, \u00d6mer Lutfi & Meri\u00e7li, Enver. (1988) H\u00fcdavendigar Livas\u0131 Tahrir Defterleri I , S:306, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317 \u2013 Ankara: T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Bas\u0131mevi<\/p>\n

Arslan, H. \u00c7etin. (2001) T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131nc\u0131 Beyleri ve Balkanlar\u0131n \u0130mar\u0131na Katk\u0131lar\u0131 , S: 28, 54 \u2013 Ankara: K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel, Oktay & \u00d6z, Mehmet. (2000) S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct’ten \u0130stanbul’a-Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Kurulu\u015fu \u00dczerine Tart\u0131\u015fmalar, S: 120, 121, 122, 126, 127, 342, 384 \u2013 Ankara: \u0130mge Kitabevi<\/p>\n

Okyay, R\u0131fat. (1996) Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Kurulu\u015fu, S: 16, 26, 36 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: Yeni Asya Gazetecilik Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k Tic. A.\u015e.<\/p>\n

\u00c7etin, Osman. (1994) Sicillere G\u00f6re Bursa’da \u0130htida Hareketleri ve Sosyal Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, S:22 \u2013 Ankara: T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Bas\u0131mevi<\/p>\n

Paris-Histoire \u00dcniversitesi Tarih Kurumu. (2003) Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi, S:43 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: Nokta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n

Ni\u015fanyan, Seven. (2003) S\u00f6zlerin Soya\u011fac\u0131-\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Etimolojik S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, S:xvii ,220, 222 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: Adam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n

Umar, Bilge. (1993) T\u00fcrkiye’deki Tarihsel Adlar (2.Bask\u0131), S:361, 379, 392, 813 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: \u0130nk\u0131lap Kitabevi<\/p>\n

G\u00fclensoy, Tuncer. (1988) K\u00fctahya ve Y\u00f6resi A\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131, S:237, 240, 241 \u2013 Ankara: T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n

Mantran, Robert. (2002) Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi I , S: 18 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: Adam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n

Levtchenko, M.V. (1999) Kurulu\u015fundan Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na Kadar Bizans Tarihi, S:242, 243 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: \u00d6zne Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n

Ayd\u0131n, Erdo\u011fan. (2002) Osmanl\u0131 Ger\u00e7e\u011fi, S:77, 78 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: Cumhuriyet Kitaplar\u0131<\/p>\n

Gibbons, Herbert Adams. (1998) Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Kurulu\u015fu, S: 43 \u2013 Ankara: 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n

Kommena, Anna.(\u00c7eviren:Bilge Umar) (1996) Alexiad Malazgirt’in Sonras\u0131, S: 460, 461 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: \u0130nk\u0131lap Kitabevi<\/p>\n

Aydo\u011fdu, Recep. (2003) Bursa’ya Kom\u015fu K\u00fctahya \u0130li-Tav\u015fanl\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7esine Ba\u011fl\u0131 Bir B\u00f6l\u00fcm K\u00f6y ve Beldelerin Tarihi, Sosyal ve \u0130ktisadi Y\u00f6nden Yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve S\u00f6zl\u00fc Kaynaklardan \u0130ncelenmesi , S:2, 3 ,4 \u2013 Bursa: Bursa K\u00fctahyal\u0131lar Derne\u011fi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n

Co\u015fgun, Fevzi. (1997) Tav\u015fanl\u0131’da Zaman, S:59, 60, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70 \u2013 Ankara: Nurol Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n

\u0130nalc\u0131k, Halil. (2003) Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Klasik \u00c7a\u011f, S:128, 129,130,131 \u2013 \u0130stanbul \u2013 Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n

T.C. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. (1993) 438 Numaral\u0131 Muhasebe-i Vilayet-i Anadolu Defteri I 937 \/ 1530, S:42, 46 \u2013 Ankara: Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Bas\u0131mevi<\/p>\n

(2002) Bursa Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 4, S:1512 \u2013 \u0130stanbul: Burdef Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00dc\u015eTE ULUDA\u011e’IN ARDINA TAR\u0130H\u0130 YOLCULUK – BURSA VE K\u00dcTAHYA TAR\u0130H\u0130NDEN KES\u0130TLER   Bursa istikametinden karayolu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile, G\u00fcney Ege ve Akdeniz sahillerine tatile gitmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131p, yo\u011fun trafik ile bo\u011fu\u015fmak istemeyenler, ellerine haritalar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p da alternatif bir yol arad\u0131klar\u0131nda, genellikle Bursa-Orhaneli-Harmanc\u0131k-Tav\u015fanl\u0131-K\u00fctahya veya Bursa-\u0130neg\u00f6l-Domani\u00e7-Tav\u015fanl\u0131-K\u00fctahya yollar\u0131n\u0131n cazip oldu\u011funa karar verirler. Daha dikkatli bak\u0131nca nispeten ince \u00e7izgilerle \u00e7izili Bursa\/Keles’ten […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":695,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12\/revisions\/695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recepaydogdu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}